The Winslow Boy by Terrance Rattigan :: Free Essay Writer

The Winslow Boy by Terrance RattiganThe Winslow Boy is a play by Terrance Rattigan. It is based on the Archer-Shee cocktail dress, and is about a young fourteen-year-old boy named Ronnie, who is expelled from the Osbourne Naval Cadets for stealing a five-shilling postal order. This essay is all about some of Ronnies friends and family, and their different views on the case. Arthur is Ronnies father. He believes that Ronnie is innocent because he knows his son better than anybody and can tell when he is lying or not. On page 34-35, Arthur asks Ronnie, Did you steal this postal order? Ronnies then replies, No, Father. I didnt. Arthur asks again, staring into his eyes, Did you steal this postal order? No, Father. I didnt. Arthur continued to stare into his eyes for a moment, then relaxes. This tells us that Arthur has decided that Ronnie is innocent. At one point, he had been talking to Grace, and she had almost convinced him to give the case up, and he nearly did. He told Sir Robert M oreton and Catherine that he wasnt breathing out to go through with the case, but they knew that he didnt mean it, so they gave him a few days and he decided that he had made the malign decision and went back to Sir Robert. Grace is Ronnies mother. She believes that Ronnie is innocent, and that he didnt steal the postal order, but she was very shocked when Ronnie was expelled. However, she is not as involved in the case as Arthur, and believes that he is Blowing the whole thing out of proportion. On page 78, for example, Grace is having a conversation with Arthur, Oh I wish I could see the sense of it all (She points to Ronnie) Hes perfectly happy at a good school, doing very well. No need to ever retain known about Osbourne, if you hadnt gone and shouted it out to the whole world. As it is, whatever happens now, hell go through the rest of his life as That boy in the Winslow Case She is very motherly and comforting towards Ronnie and doesnt like the amount of stress being put o n Ronnie by the case. Catherine, Ronnies older sister, is a very strong-minded and intelligent person. She definitely knows that Ronnie did not steal the postal order and will not give up the case without a fight, and is prepared to sacrifice even her husband for Ronnies rights (This shows strong family bonds).

Privacy of Digitized Personal Information Essay -- Private Privacy Inf

Privacy of Digitized Personal InformationPrivacy of personal development is a fundamental right of any person. No champion wants his/her private details to be known to other bulk, especially ones who they are not familiar with. However, human society is based on cooperation between people. Society simply sightnot function without this vital interaction between two human beings. No one is that capable or skillful enough to fulfill his/her daily requirements alone. The very fabric of society exists because a person has to depend on other people to get things done. Whenever one person talks to another, he/she unknowingly reveals a certain amount of personal information such as physical features, personality, character, etc. It is impossible to hide this information as revealing of this information to other people is unavoidable. In order to fulfill has/her daily wants and needs, a person has to desire quite a number of individuals with some unique information. The process is recip rocal, i.e., the individuals have to also reveal certain information to build an atmosphere of trust.However, human greed knows no bounds. People always face incidences where their private information is revealed to unscrupulous individuals, who take undue advantage of this information for their own ends. In most cases, this results in loss of credibility or harm to the victims. This is called as identity theft. Therefore, the pros and cons of releasing ones personal information have to be carefully weighed and examined before any headfirst so-called remedial actions can be taken.Technology has revolutionized the realm of commerce and industry that we know today. The Internet is the central axis around which all these fiscal and marketing activ... ...use and propagation of this information to respect the privacy of the individual. Only time will tell if an innovative solution is found to balance the two. Personally, I would prefer the utilitarian approach, as lack of privacy is not going to drastically affect anybody. As a matter of fact, it could mean saving thousands of lives. I wouldnt access too much if anybody could access my personal information, unless it is used to malign or denigrate me in any way. The Utilitarian approach is not perfect, as it can still be misused. But, it still appears as the best choice. Sources Citedhttp//www.nasscom.org/download/Data_Privacy.pdf http//ethics.acusd.edu/theories/Rights/index.html http//ethics.acusd.edu/theories/Utilitarianism/index.html http//ethics.acusd.edu/theories/Aristotle/index.html http//www.stanford.edu/hammond/SienaLect.pdf

What is Bruce saying? :: essays research papers

What is Bruce trying to say?At the beginning of the drive we are introduced to Bruce Nolan, a television news reporter who is looking for greater success with his career. The next thing to his job is his relationship with his girlfriend Grace which lives with Bruce. As we get to know Bruce, we see that he is frequently in charge but seldom in control. His need to succeed in life is acompanyed with his desire to be well liked are a hindrance to his ability to see what is really important in life and to him. As the film progresses, things do not go the his way for Bruce and he begins to enquiry the justness of his god. When Bruce reaches his lowest point he virtually curses his god and says that he could do better at the duties of being god. Then God sends him a paginate and waits for the return call.As Bruce makes his way for the appointment with God, we begin to see increasingly more overt symbols of Christianity. I detected religious ideas in some situations that were presented in the film. For example, Bruces growing awareness of the suffering of others and the empathy he feels, despite his previous and somewhat charmed life. One thing I think that took this movie discover on a limb was it was the frist movie to show a black man playing the role of God. In earlier films the role of god was ever so played by a white male.What is more compelling about this film is the overtly religious symbolism with the miracles that Bruce makes happen. What appears on the face as secular, nether a more careful analysis, is unquestionably religious symbolism. For example, Bruce is a icon in a local television program. Television has been likened to the altar as a focal point of worship in the society we live in today. Now adays a person can watch a religious atomic pile on television. The intent that Bruce demonstrates to put himself into a higher position in that altar is indicative of a reach for greater holiness(a better job). Bruce wants to be a God early on in thi s film and long before he curses his god and demands his job.Another obvious symbol of religion in this film is Bruces reverence to his job. In much of society and especially in American society, we can draw strong ties between organized religion and a corporate place of employment.

Gambling On Indian Reservations: The Hope For A Nation Essay -- Argume

Gambling On Indian Reservations The Hope For A Nation   About thirty miles off the path and down a dirt road, youll see the silhouette of a woman inside her house. She is exhausted, staring as the dust from the dirt floor mixes with the sunlight flowing through the holes the walls. She looks around and knows her life is in shambles. Her house is nothing more than rotting boards and rusted metal roofing. She has no electricity or indoor plumbing. Her simply furniture is a moth-eaten couch and two old mattresses sprawled across the floor. Every day she moldiness go to the river four miles from her house. Here she gets her drinking piddle and does the laundry. The neighbor children will follow her and play games. They are wearing nothing hardly tattered oversized clothes and holey shoes. She wishes she could do something to help her tribe, but they have no money. Most of her people are out of work. Its hard to find work near the reservation, for the land is barren and unworka ble. To find work they must travel to the next town which is more than forty miles away, and without any means of transportation they have no way to get there. Theyre trapped, destined to live everlastingly in poverty. They have no hope.   This womans hopelessness isnt unlike what many Native American tribes encounter today. The 1990 U.S. Census showed that 30.9% of all Indians live in poverty. To this day, their unemployment rate is of... ...g electricity and indoor plumbing for the first time. They are able to build schools, hospitals, and roads. Welfare cost . . . has dropped 26% over three years (American, online). This huge drop in welfare is saving the states taxpayers $470,000 (American, online). This nation that was once costing the regime thousands is now producing nearly $18 million dollars in state income taxes (American, online).   Overall, casinos are helping. Theyre helping the government by cutting welfare and producing income tax, helping the Indian people break out of poverty and hardship, and helping the surrounding community to prosper and create jobs. The Indian community now has hope, and that hope is gambling.

The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay -- Great Gatsby Fitzgerald Americ

The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Thesis The pursuit of the American Dream is a dominant theme throughout The Great Gatsby, which is carried out in various ways by F. Scott Fitzgerald, how the author represents this theme through his characters and their actions is one small scene of it.Fitzgeralds dominant theme in The Great Gatsby focuses on the corruption of the American Dream. By analyzing high society during the 1920s through the eyes of narrator nick Carraway, the author reveals that the American Dream has transformed from a pure ideal of security into a convoluted scheme of materialistic power. In support of this message, Fitzgerald highlights the fender aspects as well as the new aspects of the American Dream in his tragic story to illustrate that a once impervious dream is forthwith lost forever to the American people.The foundation qualities of the American Dream depicted in The Great Gatsby are perseverance and hope. The most glorified of these characteristics is that of victory against is that of success against all odds. The ethic of hard work can be found in the life of young James Gatz, whose focus on becoming a great a man is carefully documented in his ?Hopalong Cassidy? journal. When Mr. Gatz shows the tattered book to Nick, he declares, ? Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always has more or less resolves like this or something. Do you notice what he?s got about improving his mind? He was always great for that? (Fitzgerald, pg 182). The journal portrays the continual fight down for self-improvement, which has defined the image of America as a land of opportunity. ?By comparing the young James Gatz to the young Benjamin Franklin, Fitzgerald proves that the American Dream is thusly able to survive in the face of modern society.?(Website)A society naturally breaks up in into various social groups over time. Members of lower statuses ceaselessly suppose that their problems will be resolved if they gain enough wealth to reach the upper class . Many interpret the American dream as world this passage to high social status and once reaching that point, not having to concern about money at all. Though, the American Dream involves more than the social and economic standings of an individual. ?The dream involves attaining a balance between the spiritual strength and the physical strength of an individual.?(Lehan, pg.53) Jay Gatsby fails to reach... ...esurrected.Through the unfolding events of a doomed romance, Fitzgerald simultaneously unfolds the tragic fate of American values. Gatsby possesses an extreme imbalance between the material and spiritual sides of himself. His ultimate goal of love swaps places with his secondary goal of becoming rich. He portrays the ultimate failure of the American Dream in that individuals tend to believe wealth is everything. Historically, America was the new world of endless opportunity and wealth. But a body politic cannot operate solely on materialism. The spirits of individuals are the full-strength composition of a nation.Gatsby and the other characters of his story act as vessels for the author?s true message- the American Dream, once a pure and mighty ideal has been buried and is pressed into the ground by the inhuman void of money. Nick Caraway conveys this message as an outsider, an honest man who is witnessing the entire ordeal as an observer. The Great Gatsby is not the tri juste of a name named Jay Gatsby rather, it is the tribute of an institution which once was, but is now gone and can never be.Works CitedFitzgerald, Scott F. The Great Gatsby. Simon and Schuster, New York. 1925.

The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Essay -- Great Gatsby Fitzgerald Americ

The Great Gatsby by Fitzgerald Thesis The pursuit of the American Dream is a dominant theme throughout The Great Gatsby, which is carried out in various ways by F. Scott Fitzgerald, how the author represents this theme through his characters and their actions is one small reflection of it.Fitzgeralds dominant theme in The Great Gatsby focuses on the corruption of the American Dream. By analyzing high society during the 1920s through the eyes of narrator come off Carraway, the author reveals that the American Dream has transformed from a pure ideal of security into a convoluted scheme of materialistic power. In support of this pith, Fitzgerald highlights the cowcatcher aspects as well as the new aspects of the American Dream in his sad story to illustrate that a once impervious dream is forthwith lost forever to the American people.The foundation qualities of the American Dream depicted in The Great Gatsby are perseverance and hope. The most glorified of these characteristics is that of supremacy against is that of success against all odds. The ethic of hard work can be found in the life of young James Gatz, whose focus on becoming a great a man is carefully documented in his ?Hopalong Cassidy? journal. When Mr. Gatz shows the tattered book to Nick, he declares, ? Jimmy was bound to get ahead. He always has nearly resolves like this or something. Do you notice what he?s got about improving his mind? He was always great for that? (Fitzgerald, pg 182). The journal portrays the continual seek for self-improvement, which has defined the image of America as a land of opportunity. ?By comparing the young James Gatz to the young Benjamin Franklin, Fitzgerald proves that the American Dream is hence able to survive in the face of modern society.?(Website)A society naturally breaks up in into various hearty groups over time. Members of lower statuses unendingly suppose that their problems will be resolved if they gain enough wealth to reach the upper class. Ma ny interpret the American dream as macrocosm this passage to high social status and once reaching that point, not having to concern about money at all. Though, the American Dream involves more than the social and economic standings of an individual. ?The dream involves attaining a balance between the spiritual strength and the physical strength of an individual.?(Lehan, pg.53) Jay Gatsby fails to reach... ...esurrected.Through the unfolding events of a doomed romance, Fitzgerald simultaneously unfolds the tragic fate of American values. Gatsby possesses an extreme imbalance between the material and spiritual sides of himself. His final goal of love swaps places with his secondary goal of becoming rich. He portrays the ultimate failure of the American Dream in that individuals tend to believe wealth is everything. Historically, America was the new world of endless opportunity and wealth. But a ground cannot operate solely on materialism. The spirits of individuals are the accred ited composition of a nation.Gatsby and the other characters of his story act as vessels for the author?s true message- the American Dream, once a pure and mighty ideal has been buried and is pressed into the ground by the inhuman void of money. Nick Caraway conveys this message as an outsider, an honest man who is witnessing the entire ordeal as an observer. The Great Gatsby is not the tri savee of a name named Jay Gatsby rather, it is the tribute of an institution which once was, but is now gone and can never be.Works CitedFitzgerald, Scott F. The Great Gatsby. Simon and Schuster, New York. 1925.

Amish Clash of Cultures Essay

The Amish in America Clash of cultures Amish look standardised they stepped out of the rural 19th Century. Some 200,000 Amish lot get going in above 20 US states and in the Canadian region of Ontario and also in different parts of the world like Australia. The Amish are the near traditional and religious Old Order groups, people ride horses and buggies rather than cars and have no telephones or electricity in their homes. Amish believe that the community is at the heart of their life and faith, and that the way to salvation is to live as a loving community apart from the world.Witness is a 1985 American thriller film tell by Peter Weir and starring Harrison Ford and Kelly McGillis. The screenplay by William Kelley, Pamela Wallace, and Earl W. Wallace focuses on a detective protecting a young Amish boy who becomes the target of a unmerciful killer after he witnesses a murder in Philadelphia. The film is mainly about clashing of two ideologies. These ideologies are those of the Amish, and of the modern English as the Amish ideals are in direct contrast to the American consumerist ideas. The two worlds come together when give drives Rachel to her father in Elis house.There are galore(postnominal) candidates that highlight the clash of cultures starting with the first scene in which Samuel and Rachel are in their stock black Amish clothes, at the train station. They stand out since they arent wearing bright clothing like everyone else. Costume is an important film technique, as it shows the contrast amongst Amish and the English. The costume is also clear in the scene in where Book is wearing Amish clothes, which are Rachels dead husbands clothes, and Book says, How do I look? and Rachel responds by saying You look plain.This is seen as a compliment, and her accepting him, also him accepting the way of the Amish. A key scene where rule book gives back the gun to Rachel after taking it from her shows the clash of the cultures and book trying to fit in w ith the Amish. This scene is important since book is trying to accept the Amish culture. It is further shown in the diner scene, where Samuel and Rachel are wearing their plain clothes, and doing pad in the city. Sam and Rachel stare at book as he eats his food without saying grace furthermore he is the man so he should say it.Book is not used to these morals so this shows the culture clash between them. The scene ends by Rachel saying grace wherefore eating their food. Another key scene is the scene in which Eli, Rachel, Samuel and also Book are sitting on the dinner table in Amish land, Book picks up his cup of coffee takes a sip and says honey thats great coffee they all gaze at him and he then(prenominal) says its a joke.. on television. He realizes that they dont watch TV and there you can see the culture clash. The scenes where the car is in the give rise shows the culture clash between the English and the Amish since they dont use cars or any technology.Also the part when Rachel is dancing with Book in the vitamin B since she is not allowed to dance with strangers or use the technology. A major scene is the tourist scene in this Book witnesss one of the Amish people getting picked on by the tourists in which he gets ice-cream put all over his face. Eli who is sitting beside Book in a different buggy then the other Amish says this is not our way Book replies but it is my way. Book gets out and beats up the tourist. This scene demonstrates the clash of cultures.The biggest issue that highlights the clash of cultures is the alliance between Rachel Lapp and John Book. They are very different people. Rachel refuses to accept the violence that now surrounds her because of the murder and Book, and she blames Book, saying I just dont like my son spending all this time with a man who carries a gun and goes around whacking people. Their relationship develops through the movie, and she is torn between her feelings for Book, who is dangerous, and different to what she is used to, and her responsibility to the Amish rules, her family and the church.

Pe Assignment 1

Performance Task 2- Direction Answer the following (answers shall be based on the assignment Video Sayaw) Key point the Spaniards came to the Philippines in the 16th century. They found out that dance and harmony were woven and is part of the Philippines everyday life. Q. Where is it intertwined? 1. Courtship 2. Love 3. Politics 4. ____________________ 5_____________________ 6. _________________________ 7. ______________________ Key point the Spaniards employ dances and music to introduce religion to Filipinos. Dance has become religious activity for feasts of saints and for praising. They introduce secular dances from Europe.The Filipinos assimilated it and it evolves in the Filipino culture. List d throw the European Dances introduced by the Spaniards in the Philippines. And the Filipino modification of the dances Follow the cue given. 8. La Jota- a social dance for special occasion for the Spaniards. Usually accompanied with string instruments. 9. La Jota Montavena the Filipi no version characterized by fast and lively movement wherein waltz is a common step it is from the province of Tarlac. 10. La Jota Manilena- it is a version which is done in honor of the old city of Manila. 1. Valse/Waltz a dance originally from Southern Germany introduced to the Philippines on the 19th century. It was also assimilated by the Filipinos and incorporated it to their own version. 12. Balitaw a courtship dance from the Visayas 13. Carinosa a courtship dance with characteristic use of fan and handkerchief. 14. Fandango dance for special occasion such as matrimony 15. Pandang Pandang a version from Antique wherein a gecko went up the grooms trouser so he Stamped to remove the lizard without the crowds knowledge institutionalizing theStamping movement as part of the dance. 16. Fandango Sambalilo a dance version where the guys try to pick up a hat on the floor with the use of his head. 17. Fandango sa Ilaw a dance version from Mindoro wherein the ladies carry illum inate oil lamps in their head and hands. 18. Habanera- a dance originally from Havana Cuba 19. Habanera de Sultera a Filipino adaptation of this dance from Pangasinan which is the last dance of a couplet before they get married. 20.Mazurka a ballroom dance from Polland. 21. Mazurka Moderato- an adaptation of this dance wherein the couples gather informally, the steps Used are sangig, salok, step close step and redoba. 22. Mazurka Mindorena- the premiere dance of the elites in Mindoro which was popularized by our Our hero Don Antonio Luna. 23. Polka originally a ballroom dance for grand social affair. 24. Maliket a Polka an adaptation from Pangasinan, characterized by happy movement, a dance for Sto.Nino. 25. Polka sa Nayon an adaptation from Batangas 26. Rigodon popular ceremonial dances for the elite. 27. Rigodon dance of the elite with the use of cabesera and costados as position based on their Importance in the society. 28. ______________- a dance wherein the purpose is f or the ladies to be seen by gentlemen, they try to Outdress each other, it was introduced in the 1850s. Key point the dances evolved and was integrated thereby creating a combination of different dances to form new dance. 9. Polkaval a combination of polka and valse from Atimonan Quezon 30. Jotaval a combination of Jota and Valse from Gumaca Quezon II. Essay 1. Give at least 5 Filipino researchers who contributed in the documentation and propagation of Philippine folk dance throughout the Philippines and the world. Cite their contribution. (10pts) 2. How did the rural folks assimilated the dances introduced by the Spaniards and patronized by the local elites as part of their lives? Where was the transmutation based? What has become of these dances? Answer in a 5 sentence paragraph only. (5pts)

The Importance of Labeling of Goods and Products

In the grocery store any wholeness can find a plethora of goods that feed the potential to improve human life in the simplest ways. Goods such as a Snickers bar, which can provide a little relaxation from an insane daytime at the job, or a g all(prenominal)on of milk, so that the kids can have any(prenominal)thing to drink with the nutritious breakfast that was also bought at the grocery store. Yet one aisle in this great place of choices destroys the relaxing candy bar or the weekly gallon of milk. This aisle is heavily perfumed and can not be avoided because it is placed smack-dab in the middle of the store.This aisle is the chemical aisle. It contains things from Mr. Clean, which cleans up the spilled milk that dried on the linoleum floor, to Raid which is supposed to get release of flies at the next family bar-b-que. Even though life in general would be easier and more enjoyable without insects that can be bothersome, it is not necessary to pollute the air, ground, food, and liquids that be apply daily by the inhabitants of the planet Earth, nor is it necessary to give misleading information about the products cosmos used to boost sales and get a higher profit.The g everyplacenment should make stricter laws on the labeling of goods that contain chemicals which could be potentially hazardous to ones health. First, corporations are trying to mislead consumers into believing theatre pesticides are harmless, according to Marion Moses, M. D. of the Pesticide Education Center in San Francisco (Latest Organic).Raid, a product produced by S. C. Johnson Corporation, which is used to kill roaches, ants, and flies, has inscribed on the attitude of its container Made with pyrethrins pyrethrin insecticide is made from flowers (18). That fact is very reassuring in its own way, but what is not mentioned on the label is that only eight-tenths of one portion of Pyrethrin is actually used in the production of Raid (18), and that the most active ingredient is Durs ban which can cause numbness, tingling sensations, incoordination, headache, dizziness, tremor, nausea, just to name a few(Extoxnet).Also, over ninety-eight percent of Raids ingredients are inert, which do not have to be named on the label (Latest Organic). The government must stop companies from being able to hide ingredients used in their products and should be forced to tell the general public what is being used in the products. It is interesting to know that some of the most dangerous chemicals are not labeled, and, if they are, Dursban for example, they are labeled as something that does not pose any sort of danger.Yet even if the chemicals are labeled, and all of the amounts are placed on the back of the product so that the consumer can see what is used in the item, who is going to go home and look the chemicals up in places like the Extoxnet site or in the encyclopedia to see if the chemical will hurt them. But still, those problems can be solved easy if the companies would just sit down and consider what is being done to the public and what should be done to solve the problem.Fruits and vegetables are another problem all of in that location own though. It would be scary to see a label rite on the skin of an apple or a leaf of lettus. A list, that could be easily accessible, should be made up that states all of the chemicals sprayed on fruit. This way the dangers of chemicals such as Fonofos, which is primarily used on corn crops(Extoxnet), would be procurable and people would be aware of the potential hazards that come with the chemicals used in their products.Labeling or letting the general public know what is being used on apples to keep worms off them should be enforced by the government. It would be a relatively easy process since the companies already know what chemicals are being used on their products. But as long as Corporate America still feels the need to hide every little thing from the public, the public is designate to walk up and down the aisles of the supermarket so that they can find one can of insecticide that might be able to kill the flies which are flying around the potato salad.

Hallucinogen and Music Essay

The era of the 1960s and ahead of time 1970s were the clear reverberations of both mysticism and altruism. It saw the rise of the American subculture know as the hippies, which professes itself through exotic clothing and erotic slogans that are centered on the subversion of the contemporary Western orderliness into a more liberal atomic number 53. Nonetheless, the bow of hallucinogenic drugs that largely permeated during the same period catapulted the rise of a medicine genre that is centered on an intensely esthetic entrancement, known as psychoactive music.Beca physical exertion of this, various artists emerged and gained popularity in the say field, further reinforcing the usage of hallucinogenic drugs through their craft. In this respect, this paper desire to analyze how the music of some groups during 1960s, specifically The Doors, The Beatles and The Jefferson plane were affected by the usage of hallucinogens, and the impact that their music had and still seduce within the society. psychodelic drugs A Background Hallucinogens are diversified groups of drugs that can alter a persons perception, thoughts and mood.Because it is a heterogeneous group, hallucinogens are noted for their varying chemical structures and mechanism of actions as rise up as different adverse make among its users. While small-army claim that hallucination is the instantaneous effect of exploitation hallucinogen, which are identified as false perception that check no pictorial basis, it was stated that most hallucinogens are more likely to change moods and thoughts rather than the actual hallucinations itself (Richards, 2006).The usage of hallucinogens can be traced from the hi tale of many cultures notably as a means of religious and mystical takes. Rig Veda, which is the Hindus holy book, mentioned the use of soma, a substance that is capable of inducing higher levels of consciousness among its users. It is believed that Soma is derived from the juice of Amanita Mas caria, a hallucinogenic mushroom. Similarly, in pre-Columbian Mexico , the Aztecs were noted to have utilise teotlaqualli, a paste that is derived from the hallucinogenic flower known as ololiuqui, during their religious ceremonies.Both the Aztec priests and soldiers rub the substance on their skin, and it was though that the teotlaqualli eliminates the emotion of fear and places its users under a proper mental state of military service to the Aztec gods. The abprofessional people of Mexico were similarly noted to have a long history of using peyote, which is mescaline that contains hallucinogens, during religious ceremonies. Likewise, in Salem, Massachusetts, it was proposed that hallucinogen use is the primary(prenominal) cause of unlikely behaviors of alleged witches during witch trials (Richards, 2006).The very first synthetic form of hallucinogen known as Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) 25, was discovered in 1938 by Dr. Albert Hoffman in Basel, Switzerlands Sandoz Laborat ories. At that time, Dr. Hoffman was searching for drugs that have medical purposes. He stumbled upon LSD and did not realize that the said drug have mind-altering features. It was in 1943, that Dr. Hoffman acciden loftyy consumed the drug that he realized its mind-altering effects right after he jazzd hallucinations.From then on, LSD was widely distributed for medical research. It was alike utilise for psychotherapy as such the term hallucinogenic is used to describe LSD which implies that it actually causes the symptoms of common mental problems (Levinson, 2002). By 1957, Dr. Humphry Osmond coined the term psychoactive in order to come up with more positive label for drugs that have consciousness-expanding properties, and later on the term LSD emerged.Psychedelic was further used by Timothy Leary and other advocates of LSD during 1960s in order to market the said drug as a substance of good pleasant that boost an individuals inter and intra-personal understanding, gives a he ightened feeling of spirituality and increased level of creativity. Leary and his colleagues found their inspiration in promoting LSD in the personal identity of Aldous Huxley (1954), a British novelist and essayist. Huxleys book entitled The Doors of Inspiration, was one of the major molds that introduce Leary toward the positive use of LSD.The title of the book was undercoatd on William Blakes (1963) words If the doors of perception were cleansed every thing would appear to man as it is infinite (Blake, 1963, p. 14 cited in Levinson, 2002, p. 76). Generally, Huxleys book chronicled the favorable experiences he encountered in account to mescaline, a psychedelic drug that can be derived from peyote mushrooms (Levinson, 2002). Due to Learys affectionate advocacy, many people were swayed to use LSD.His devised motto subprogram on, tune in, drop out spurred many young individuals to experiment with the said drug in order to exclude themselves from mainstream society. Likewise, mo vie stars and entertainers alike lauded the mind-altering effects of LSD many have veritable(a) incorporated it within their lifestyle that it has become a significant part in the indicatement of the hippie counterculture. Hallucinogen and music Psychedelic rock During the 1960s the widespread use of hallucinogens was recognized in account to the belief that ingesting the said substances eventually lead to mind expansion. It was even asserted that, why limit oneself with the experience of life on a banal level when one can experience life in a world where places are new and exciting through the usage of the said chemicals? Due to this, many are swayed by such rhetoric that hallucinogen use has become a trend incorporated in the counterculture lifestyle (Levinson, 2002). Young people tried to exist differently from the conventionality of the society they rather see in large groups instead of small families avoiding good paying jobs, and generally looking for excitement instead of becoming obedient and dutiful citizens.Nonetheless, the music of the said era reflected the beliefs and attitudes of the said counterculture becoming the persona to the new generation that cared less for power money and only wanted to live outside the rules set by ordinary society (Grimbly, 2001). The emergence of psychedelic rock has played a profound role in reinforcing the understanding that hallucinogen use is an inviting activity that promotes the feel of intra and inter-spirituality and becoming one with the environment.Many bands jumped into the bandwagon of the psychedelic era, including The Jefferson plane, The Beatles and The Doors which were considered as the forerunners of psychedelic sound. Before proceeding to the discussion of the music of the pertained bands, it is first an imperative to define psychedelic music. popularly known as Psychedelic Rock, psychedelic music or acid rock emerged during the later parts of the 1960s in California. It was music created under the influence of mind-altering drugs predominantly the LSD.The main features of this form of music are the long improvised instrumental passages, which are deemed as the replication of the mind-altering effects of LSD, in the mise en scene of musicality. Likewise, bands who used this form of music clearly shows their willingness to engage in experimentation through effect pedals, that are responsible for notes distortion from guitars, that range from wail to sustained percussive sounds (Grimbly, 2001).Such feature is a clear manifestation of the musicians inclination with hallucinogen characterized by their profound usage of distortion of notes and experimentation, which nonliterally represents the strong effects of hallucinogen use. The Jefferson Airplane Considered as one of the most crucial bands during the psychedelic era, The Jefferson Airplane from California experience a huge commercial victor because of their hallucinogen induced music. The music of the said band was n oted to have epitomized the drug-taking ethos of the hippies. Their interaction with people during their concert mirrored what was going on at that time.The 1967 phonograph album known as Surrealistic Pillow contained one of the most notable psychedelic tenors of all time which is White Rabbit. As the term surrealistic indicates, having the experience of disoriented and hallucinatory quality of dreams it was a clear manifestation of the bands inclination to hallucinogen use and its impact on ones mind (Jefferson Airplanes White Rabbit, 2008). White Rabbit has become a full blown cultural phenomenon as it manifested the rampant usage of LSD during the said period. create verbally by Grace Slick in 1965, Whit Rabbit was influenced by Lewis Carrolls Alices Adventure in Wonderland.However, instead of maintaining the classics original representation of the characters, Slick infused the stock with hippie messages, making the characters appear a shade darker, erasing their innocence, as it was centered on the purportedly induced hallucinations of hallucinogens. From the opening lyrics of the song which indicates One pill makes you larger and one pill makes you small. And the ones that mother gives you dont do anything at all. Go ask Alice when shes ten feet tallto the end part that states When logic and proportion have fallen sloppy dead.And the White Knight is talking backwards, and the Red Queens off with her degree Remember what the dormouse said feed your head Feed your head (Slick, 1965) Jefferson Airplanes White Rabbit is indeed a transitory song that is solely interpreted in the realms of Carrolls classic but in a more hallucinatory light. What adds to the depth of this interpretation is the bands usage of decompress building crescendo, snapping snare drum, strong driving electric guitar that creates the hallucinatory experience of its own (Jefferson Airplanes White Rabbit, 2008).Because of the vivid representation of hallucinogen used by the Jeffer son Airplane, White Rabbits influence extended itself in modern music and culture. The song has been covered by more than 100 various(a) bands during their acts, and has been featured in popular television shows such as the Simpsons, the Sopranos. White Rabbit also inspired the creation of the book Go Ask Alice compose by an anonymous writer, which chronicled the life of a teenager who died from a drug overdose.Hunter Thompsons 1972 film Fear and loathing in Las Vegas, featuring a man tripping on bad combination of drugs which are LSD, mescaline, cocaine and alcohol gave rise for the recognition of White Rabbit. Slicks pharmaceutical prescription advice was also referred to as the definitive rendition of the film The Matrix (1999) during a scene where Morpheus offered Neo a pill and said You take the blue pillthe story ends you wake up in your bed and believe whatever you believe. You take the red pillyou stay in Wonderland and I show you how deep the rabbit-hole goes (cited in J efferson Airplanes White Rabbit, 2008, n.p. ). Based from the given perspectives, it is evident that despite Jefferson Airplanes advocacy for hallucinogen use, they remained as one of the most sought after psychedelic bands that greatly impacted 1960s and the culture today, as they have become the striking visuals of rebellion that inspired various groups and artists, as well as populace to stand for what they believe. The Doors By far the most influential group to emerge in California is The Doors. Their brief but intensely germinal career, where they were able to record some of the greatest masterpieces in music history, has been widely recognized to date.Fronted by self-proclaimed poet Jim Morrison, the Doors was able to establish their name in the field of psychedelic music. From their name The Doors, which is noted to be a tribute for the poetry of William Blake and Aldous Huxleys psychedelic drug book The doors of perception, the band clearly conveyed their music in the conte xt of mind-expansion accounted to hallucinogen use. In fact, The Doors has been widely recognized for their notoriety in the usage of LSD in most of their performances (Whiteley, 2005).According to Ray Manzarek, the groups keyboardist, the early days of the band was marked by ingestion of LSD. Due to this, their usage of the said hallucinogen provided them a sense of shared of experiences. Each individuals tripping specifics developed a sense of bonding for the group, thereby giving them strong emotional feelings for each other, and eventually becoming the symbolic overtone of how they created their musicsexual and inhibition free which are strong parts of the LSD experience (Mazarek, 1999 cited in Whiteley, 2005).Although, Manzarek and Morrison did not openly discussed the details of their trips with LSD, the shared knowledge that they did have experienced the said drug has become evident within their trance-like music. Their songs reflected LSD use with each members extended solos . Likewise, Morrisons adaptive character, the Lizard King became the metaphorical representation of the hypnotic powers of the drug that entices the listeners to listen to their music and embrace the wild child within them (Whiteley, 2005).It was also found out that the hallucinogenic experience provided by LSD became the most crucial ingredient for the music of The Doors, as they believe that its use provided access for them to reach the metaphysical. As Manzarek pointed out about the hallucinogenic experience and we were off Flying on the wings of love To Nirvana, to the pure land It was divine. It was expansive and harmonious and beatific in one (Manzarek, 1999, p. 120 cited in Whiteley, 2005, p. 143). Apparently, they have used their music to express the transcendent moods that can be experienced under the influence of LSD.Songs such as Light my fire, People are Strange, as well as LA woman reflected the way of life The Doors have lived. Nonetheless, Riders on the Storm is said to be the culmination of the earlier hallucinogenic tracks of the band, as it is dark, mystical, and sinister and alienated, further reflecting what it is like to hallucinate (Whiteley, 2005). The music of The Doors continued to fascinate legions of rock fans even after the death of Morrison. During the mid-80s, the doors music was much popular as it has been during 1960s.Numerous quantities of the bands original album have been sold, including the reissues and releases of their live materials. By 1991, director Oliver Stone created the movie The Doors which tackled the story of the band. From here, it is easy to point out that the fame of The Doors never ceased despite their inclination to LSD usage (Ruhlmann and Unterberger, 2009). The Beatles The popularity of The Beatles throughout the 1960s has been well documented. They started out as mainstream band that eventually marked the British assault in the music industry, and was considered as the reason for the uprising of the wome ns sexual revolution.Their ability to popularize trends and the capability of their music to achieve global dissemination, suggested that they are one of the most significant forces in popular music history (Whiteley, 2000). By the year 1967, The Beatles eventually changed pace. From their mainstream music they jumped on to the American psychedelic bandwagon. The release of their album, Sgt. capsicums Lonely Hearts Club marked their conversion to the underground music. Such change of pace was considered as a significant factor for the British Psychedelic rock.The Beatles change image and emphasis on both love and drugs as expressed in the Sgt. Peppers album is said to be in perfect harmony with the 1960s LSD-influenced mood. The immense popularity of the album notably indicates that the absence of the Beatles during the psychedelic era would have made the British counter culture insignificant. In short, the jump that the Beatles created from mainstream music to psychedelic rock est ablished the British counter culture in the context of cultural themes and music (Whiteley, 2000).Lucy in the gear with diamonds, which was the third track in the album, was considered as the central force behind the British psychedelic rock because it served as the musical metaphor for the hallucinogenic experience. Musically, the songs gentle beats is working directly towards the pulse rate of the listeners making it slow down, while slow shifting of the harmonies used in the base suggest relaxation that brings the audience into a comfortable dream state. Likewise, the melodic lines of each verse is very trancelike, allowing the audience to become reflective, and also creates a feeling of reassurance.Similarly, the well structured rising and falling phrasing of And I love her, For no one, and Yesterday partnered with exotic timbres and filtered vocal delivery makes the audience a heightened redolent(p) good trip. The Beatles knew the effects of LSD and they have enjoyed the hal lucinogenic experience. As such, they use it to their own advantage by inculcating it within their music so as to create a heightened sense of awareness. They used psychedelic imagery such as tangerine trees and marmalade skies in order to strongly support the spatial dimension experienced during a hallucinogen trip.Finally, their jump to psychedelic music promised the audience a route where they can have a changed state of consciousness, which is an authentic experience (Whiteley, 2000). last Based from the data drawn from the study, it is evident that hallucinogen use has become a significant part of the 1960s history. It affected every aspect of the society which paved way for the development of the counter culture known as the hippies. What further reinforced people to view such drug as an important part of the society was the music that deeply reflects the entrancement that can be attained through the use of hallucinogens.The Jefferson Airplanes, The Doors and The Beatles, w ere considered as the forerunners of psychedelic music. They reflected the beliefs and attitudes of the counter culture and they became the voice to the new generation that cared less for power money and only wanted to live outside the rules set by ordinary society. In this respect, they were able to establish their own names through their music that has been significant back then, and is still considered as significant to date. References Grimbly, S (ed. ). (2001). Chapter 3 Rock.The Story of Music Volume 6 From Rock and Pop to Hip-Hop. Danbury , CT Grolier Educational. Jefferson Airplanes White Rabbit. (25 November 2008). Dark Party Review. Retrieved April 24, 2009 from http//darkpartyreview. blogspot. com/2008/11/great-tunes- jefferson-airplanes-white. html. Levinson, M. H. (2002). The drug problem A new view using the general semantics approach. Westport , CT Greenwood Publishing Group. Richards, M. E. (17 April 2006). Hallucinogens. Emedicine. Retrieved April 24, 2009 from h ttp//emedicine. medscape.com/article/293752-overview. Slick, G. (February 1967). White Rabbit Jefferson Airplane. Surrealistic Pillow CD. Nashville , Tennessee Radio Corporation of America (RCA), 31 October 1966- 06 March 1967. Ruhlmann, W. and Unterberger, R. (2009). alone music. Retrieved April 24, 2009 from http//allmusic. com/cg/amg. dll? p=amg&sql=11wifqxqe5ldheT1. Whiteley, S. (2000). Women and popular music Sexuality, identity and subjectivity. New York, NY Routledge Whiteley, S. (2005). Too much Too young Popular music, age and gender. New York, NY Routledge.

Address Customer Needs Essay

undertaking 1The first customer tie transaction discussed in the Task 1 is when the customer drops in the shop to buy a finicky commodity & fetches help from the sales somebodynel. This is an incident which happened in one of the leading raiment store i.e. Marks & Spencers. The customer contact was in soulfulness. The duration of the entire transaction was 15 minutes. The customer was unavailing to fetch a product which suits her requirement. Her lack was to buy a pair of navy blue jeans with size 28 inches (Ramsey & Sohi, 1997). She was unable to locate the counter where in the jeans were placed. The soul who was doing the customer contact was responsible to handle sales within the store. The line of work or manufacture they cater to is the merchandise sector. Marks & Spencers deals in providing its customer with high ratiocination clothes ranging from fashionable tops to formal shirts, sporty t-shirts, jeggings, leggings, skirts, knee length dresses, party wear clothes & lingerie.Yes, there is show up that, the sales person was disposed(p) for such subject of transaction. It is seen that, the sales person deals with such type of transactions every day. Therefore, he has courses to sort out the things & match the needs of the customer. The evidence which was seen in this token situation was that, he accompanied the customer till the rack where in 28 waist size jeans were kept. He was there with the customer all through her buying process. The listening skills of the sales person were up to the mark. He did his snatch to sort out the things at his part. The sales personnel was two listening as well as questioning the customer in order to bed the needs of the customer in a well outlined manner. The sales person asked the customer the right kind of questions such as the waist size, preferable color, pattern of the pair of jeans, etc.See more abstract of Starbucks coffee company employees essayThis shows that, the sales person was able to stim ulate the thoughts of the customer & provide solutions for the same. In case of this situation, the non verbal communications which were looked upon from the sales person were appropriate to the current problem. In case of this situation some of the nonverbal communications which were apply by the sales person were use of his arms, facial expressions, maintaining nerve center contact with the customers to show case high levels of interest, body movements & come outures, etc(Ramsey & Sohi, 1997). The sort of language which was used by the sales person was apt according to the problems faced by the customer. The customer believed it to be suitable as the sales person was able to resolve the problems in the best possible manner. The customers did not ask for any type of clarification as the language by the sales personal was quite simple to understand & comprehend.There was no different centering of talking to the different customers within the store. The sales person used a simpl e way of knowing the needs of the customers. The sales person communicated with the customer & tried to take feedback from them which helped him to know the needs of the customer in a better manner. No, there was no conflict between the salesperson & the customer. Yes, the salesperson was able to understand the needs of the customer. The brutes & techniques used to express empathy with the needs of the customer were done by maintaining fair eye contact, practice empathetic listening, etc. In the end, the need of the customer was satisfied.The customer was elated while moving out of the store. The need of the customer was to buy a 28 waist size navy blue pair of jeans. Initially she was unable to locate the rack which consisted of 28 waist sized jeans. This lead to a problem & the salesperson identified the same to satisfy the needs of the customer (Martin, 2006). The bit customer contact transaction discussed in Task 1 refers to a sales call done in a call centre. The customer co ntact was done over the phone. The duration of the customer contact over the phone was for approximately 7-10mins. The duration of the customer transaction totally depends upon the product or dish out rendered to the customer. The expert providing the selective tuition over the phone would be referred to as the sales & support team who will push the levels of sales.The line of work or industry they are in is the banking industry that provides the monetary usefulnesss to its clients. Yes, there is evidence that the salesperson had prepared for the transaction. The way with which the sales person has been talking to the client portrays the way he has been handling such situations in the past (Ramsey & Sohi, 1997). The listening skills of the sales person were quite empathetic. The sales person cross questioned the client & tried to try on the requirements of the client. The sales personnel used the possible information to tell about the services being offered by him & its useful ness to the client in the near future. Since, it was a sales call carried over phone non verbalcommunication techniques could not be observed. The language used by the sales person was a bit complex.The client asked for reconfirmations & clarifications in terms of the meaning of the words, etc. The sales person used the RATER Model to identify the needs of the customer (Martin, 2006). The needs of the customer were divided amongst conglomerate categories such as reliability, assurance, tangibles, empathy & responsiveness. There was an agreement amongst the salesperson & the customer. The sales person handled the argument in a very tactful manner. The sales person understood the needs of the customer but was unable to convince the client on certain points. The sales person acted as a patient hearer which portrays that he was empathetic towards the needs of the customer.The customer was not fully satisfied with the service provided by the sales person. The type of information which was provided by the sales person to the client was the fair view of all the financial services offered by the same. The information provided was appropriate which helped to identify the own needs of the client. In order to satisfy the needs of the customer either the sales personnel should have forwarded the call to the senior sales person or an in depth analysis of the financial services should have been provided to the client (Jane, 2013).Task2Collect three different doers or tools used to put one across feedback from customers. Attach screenshots of these instruments in your get along. In a simple report, answer the following questions about each of the three instruments or tools. The three instruments or tools used to collect feedback from customers have been discussed in this section of the report.* Crowd break down1. What information does the instrument or tool collect about the customer? The information which Crowd Sound collects from the customer is in form of a product ive dialogue. The dialogue takes into consideration a brief conversation upon the product or service opted for. It is one of the easiest slipway to communicate with the customers in order to know their suggestions regarding the product or service. The portal will constantly benefit the organization with the introduction of new ideas, improvements within the existing products, etc. 2. What information does theinstrument or tool collect about the way the organization/product/service satisfied their needs?The information collected by Crowd Sound with respect to a special product or service is in the form of suggestions or comments produced by the users. This information would help the service provider to moderate its products or services base upon the needs of the customers. 3. In what shipway does the instrument or tool allow the customer to provide feedback about the organization/product/service? Crowd Sound has been referred to as an instrument or a tool to collect feedback fro m its users. The tool collects information in form of vote, suggestions with the help of a customizable widget. This tool is one of the easiest ways to gather feedback regarding on a companys website or intranet.4. Overall, is the instrument or tool an effective method of collecting up-to-date and pertinent feedback? If yes, wherefore? If no, then what suggestions would you make for improvements? The instrument i.e. Crowd Sound is an effective method of collecting up to date and relevant feedback. This is because, the users of this site has a convenient way to send in their suggestions, feedback, etc. The suggestions are collected in a systematic manner and are moved from one bucket to another. It is the only instrument which provides features such as suggestions, moderation, feedbacks and iPhone compatibility.* Ideaffect1. What information does the instrument or tool collect about the customer? Ideaffect will provide the customers a portal to share their views, post suggestions & provides feedback about a given product or service. 2. What information does the instrument or tool collect about the way the organization/product/service satisfied their needs? Ideaffect refers to a feedback community where in the users can log in post their suggestions regarding a particular product or service. Ideaffect integrates the website with a particular website through an embeddable feedback widget tab. 3. In what ways does the instrument or tool allow the customer to provide feedback about the organization/product/service? The ways with which Ideaffect allows the customer to provide feedback about theorganization or product or service can be seen with the help of a feedback widget tab link along the website, page ratings, and single sign on the public API & domain aliasing.4. Overall, is the instrument or tool an effective method of collecting up-to-date and relevant feedback? If yes, why? If no, then what suggestions would you make for improvements? The tool i.e. Ideaf fect is an effective method of collecting an up to date and relevant feedback. This is because of the various features attached to it. Some of the features attached along this portal are single sign on & public API, a dedicated feedback website, feedback widget for the concerned website and page ratings. With the help of this tool, the customer will be able to customize the design, embed the widgets & moderate the SSL connections.* exploiter give tongue to1. What information does the instrument or tool collect about the customer? Ser Voice would be referred to as a feedback tool which would help to gather feedback by the users in a well defined manner. The interested parties then can use the information to get answers, share ideas & learn from its mistakes. Some of the features attached along this tool are ongoing discussions, simple sign up, integration with face book (Ioana, n.d). 2. What information does the instrument or tool collect about the way the organization/product/serv ice satisfied their needs? The information which is being collected by this tool is to provide an actionable idea as to how to improve the product (Gregory, 2010).User Voice provides a structured forum to its users for voting a particular product or service. 3. In what ways does the instrument or tool allow the customer to provide feedback about the organization/product/service? The various ways with which the tool i.e. User voice allows the customer to provide feedback about the product or service is with the help of feedback forums (which allows the users to post blogs, suggestions, etc), providing support systems, etc (Buleen, 2013). User Voice provides a support system which allows the users share stories as well as understands the customers blog. All this is done by building a tool which connects the customers with what is important & what does he want.4. Overall, is the instrument or tool an effective method of collectingup-to-date and relevant feedback? If yes, why? If no, th en what suggestions would you make for improvements? The instrument i.e. User Voice is an effective method of collecting an up to date as well as relevant feedback. It delights its customers with the help of customer support. A help desk was launched in the year 2011 which made it one of the powerful portals to collect the information & provide a solution for the issue.ReferencesBuleen, C 2013, Body Language Sales Tips, viewed on eighth January 2013, . Gregory, A 2010, 10 Customer Feedback Tools to Help You Improve Your Client Relationships, viewed on 5th January 2013 . Ioana, B n.d., THE USE OF READING NONVERBAL MESSAGES FROM CUSTOMERS, University of Bacau Faculty of Economic Sciences. Jane, M 2013, Customer Empathy, viewed on 8th January 2013, . Martin, S 2006, Heavy Hitter Selling How Successful Salespeople Use Language and Intuition to Persuade Customers to Buy, John Wiley & Sons, US. Ramsey, R & Sohi, R 1997, Listening to Your Customers The Impact of Perceived Salesperson Liste ning Behavior on Relationship Outcomes, RESEARCH NOTE.

Bullying Research Paper

No matter who you are in the world, at somewhat signify in your intent youll experience some form of bullying. Whether it is in school or online, bullying is a serious issue and has significantly impacted many individuals and how they live their day-to-day lives. This issue hits close to home be font Ive been bullied for as long as I can remember. I even conducted my own experiment on Facebook by posting a telecasting of my friends and I at the beach in our bathing suits on a page called, The Worlds Cutest Teens. I knew that the picture would take away some rude comments so I waited, and thats exactly what returned.People began to call us rude names and basically told us that we were disgusting. I took a picture of all the rude comments and the picture of us and made a collage, I then reposted it on the page saying that I would use the cultivation I found in my research paper. I said that it doesnt matter who you are in the world, bullying still happens today and it needs to be addressed, that picture now has over 20,000 likes on Facebook and Im receiving tons of messages from people saying how smart I am to have come up with this idea.Now although I didnt take the rude comments to heart, there are still many people in the world that do. It hurts them and ruins their self esteem. Bullying is a adult male rights violation. It is the abuse of the powerless by those who think they have all of the power. Bullying is the first human rights violation millions of students in the United States get out confront. As a human rights organization, STTP Speak Truth To Power stated in a recent interview that they cant simply ignore the fact that children arent able to get the proper education that they deserve because of bullies.They have to do their best to put a stop to as much bullying as possible. Two children in every classroom in America are estimated to miss at least wholeness day of school each month because they feel unsafe. local anesthetic governments re alize we cannot afford to dismiss youth violence as simply kids organism kids. Anti-bullying legislation has been passed in 49 states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. But laws and reportage systems arent enough. We moldiness move beyond simply having the systems in place to react to bullying.We must instill in our youth the ideals of civility and respect, and we must create environments that snag fresh bullying everywhere our children live, learn and play. (Schools Have Work to Do) However, bullying doesnt just exist in school, bullying can happen anyplace at any time and people need to know what they can do to encourage prevent and stop the bullies from attacking. First, you want to make sure that the person being bullied informs someone that the bullying is occurring by make outing a trusted adult.Then, if you havent already, confront the bully by telling them how what theyre doing to you is unfeignedly upsetting and you would like it if they could please stop. If the bullying still continues, the best option is to let the bullies parents know what is happening so they can handle the situation. And if that still doesnt work, you can always call the police and let them talk to the bully, most of the time bullies will stop their actions if they know theyll get in serious get at if they continue. (Kennedy, Kerry)To many people, bullying is people saying rude things to each other face to face or having some sort of abusive contact with one another. However, this is not the case. As I stated in my personal story earlier, bullying also takes place on the internet most commonly amicable networking sites. This token of bullying is referred to as cyberbullying. Many people believe that cyberbullying isnt a real issue they say that its your own fault for continuing to stay on the social networking site youre being bullied on, you could just simply shut your computer off.This of course is very unrealistic, teenagers shouldnt have to delete their soc ial networking sites, turn off their computers, and so forth just because of bullies. Teenagers should be able to enjoy talking to their friends and interacting without having to worry about bullies harassing them. (Foxman, Abraham) Cyberbullying has become a real threat, and parents and educators must work together to get rid of antisocial and harmful harassment and make such crimes punishable by law.There is currently a law being put into place, set to take effect next year. The law was passed in large cave in because of the tragic suicide of Jamey Rodemeyer of Williamsville. The 14-year-old killed himself last September after entrancing relentless bullying over his sexual orientation. Police at the time said that because of weaknesses in state law regarding cyberbullying, there was little they could have make for Jamey. The new law moves to rectify that. Had it been in place already, Jameys story might have taken a different turn.Implemented properly and pursued diligently, it will no doubt prevent much misery in the future. The new law defines cyberbullying as harassment taking place through any electronic path and that reasonably causes or would reasonably be expected to cause physical injury or emotional harm to a student. School districts would have a responsibility for incidents occurring on and off school grounds. It also creates a system for reports of cyberbullying to reach school principals or superintendents and requires prompt intervention by school officials.Schools will also be required to establish anti-cyberbullying policies and to report incidents to law enforcement if school officials believe the acts constitute criminal conduct. It also calls for training for teachers and administrators. (Ells,June) This story leads me into my next point which is on teen suicide. As of early 2010, suicide was the third leading cause of death of those between the ages of fifteen and twenty-four and the fourth leading cause of death for children between the ages of ten and fourteen.According to the Southern California Academic Center of Excellence on Youth Violence Prevention, young females were more likely to get down suicide, though males were about five times more likely to die by suicide. According to a 1996 report of the National Alliance on moral Illness (NAMI), more young people died from suicide than from AIDS, birth defects, cancer, chronic lung disease, heart disease, influenza, pneumonia, and stroke combined. While the desire to commit suicide usually stems from a disorder such as depression, suicide is preventable.According to ABC News nearly 30 percent of students bully others or are victims of bullying. A report by Yale University in Connecticut indicates that victims of bullying are up to nine times more likely to consider suicide than their peers who are not bullied. Bullying comes in many forms and may include physical attacks, destruction of personal property, verbal abuse, starting rumors, name calling, and ve rbal attacks, which may be made in person, online, or through texting. Dr.Dan Olweus, a psychology professor from Norway and developer of the OLWEUS Bullying Prevention Program, says, a person is bullied when he or she is exposed, repeatedly and over time, to negative actions on the part of one or more other persons, and he or she has difficulty defending himself or herself. Bullying is most common between the fourth and ordinal grades. A new term, bullycide has recently been used to describe those who have committed suicide because of bullying.According to bullyingstatistics.org, suicide rates among adolescents are rising, particularly in the late ordinal and early twenty-first centuries. Its sad to think that there are so many teenagers in the world that are being effected by bullying so much that they would consider taking their own lives. Suicide is not the answer suicide is a permanent fix to a brief problem. Since depression caused by bullying is one of the leading causes of teen suicide, treatment of this condition is often the first step to preventing suicide. Treatments may include counseling, residential treatment, and medication, though the latter should be used with caution.The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) has a black box warning, its most severe label, on all antidepressants. Research has shown that children and teens on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) may have increased suicidal thoughts and behaviors. Experts recommend careful monitoring of young people on such medication. Those scummy from depression feel alone and helpless, so communication is vital. According to NAMI, about 80 percent of those who commit suicide exhibit warning signs or tell others of their intentions before they act.Any mention of death or suicide should be taken seriously. Many people believe that discussing suicide openly with someone who is contemplating suicide is wrong. In fact, asking someone openly about his or her plans is helpful. Asking qu estions such as, Have you thought about how you would do it? and Do you have the means? help determine the severity of the situation. Someone who discovers anothers intention to commit suicide should immediately call 911 or take the individual to an emergency room or the closest psychiatric facility. (Teen Suicide)As stated before, bullying is a serious issue, not only in schools, but outside of schools too. Bullying can happen at anywhere, at anytime, to anybody, including on the internet. However there are many ways that we can help stop and prevent bullying and if there was some way we could stop bullying for good, we could all live in a better world and teenagers wouldnt continue to take their own lives because someone is making them feel depressed or worthless. There is always someone that can help and if youre being bullied you need to seek help immediately so you can get back to living a normal bully free life.

International Business Entry Modes

Introduction An international first appearance style is an institutional agreement infallible for the entry of a companys wares, technology and human capital of the United States into a foreign country or market. The reluctance of theatres to change entry elans once they atomic number 18 in place, and the difficulty pertain in doing so, make the elan of entry decision a key strategic issue for de softens operating in todays rapidly internationalizing market place.The choice of mode give depend on internal characteristics (eg firm size, international experience) and external characteristics (eg the sociocultural distance between the host country and the home institution country) as well as the trade-off between desired mode characteristics (risk adverse, dominance and flexibility). The diagram be measly conveys 3 broad categories of modes of entry, and their fundamental trade offs.Further to the issues discussed above, no matter which of three of the merchandise mode s the producer designs in a market, it is important to think about what level of mindshare the manufacturer occupies in the mind of the export partner, as at that place has been a safe proven correlation between mindshare levels and how forgeting the export go-between is to place on company brand in motility of anformer(a), or how likely the intermediary is to defect. Good mind share impart depend on scoring well across the three drivers of commitment and trust, collaboration and mutuality of interest & reciprocal purpose.Control Key and Word Text and Graphics.Export Modes Baring in mind the factors discussed above we will now review the unlike types of entry modes, beginning with export modes, as they are typically the modes used in initial entry to international markets, as they require a level financial investment than other modes and ceaseful be viewed as a toe in the water for in experienced and smaller firms or where on that point whitethorn be risks (eg political , sparing environmental) preventing FDI. The three major types of exporting are indirect, direct and cooperative. confirmative export modes are modes in which the exporting manufacturer uses independent organizations situated in a makers country, they admit the use of an export buying agent, a broker, an export house, a trading company, or a piggyback. Indirect export modes may be appropriate for firms with limited- rather than long term- international expansion objectives. For showcase, if international sales are primarily used as a means of disposing of surplus yield. The overleap of contact with firms abroad will provide limited information to develop a plan for international expansion.In the use of much(prenominal) modes, there is limited prevail all over the marketing mix (other than product). A direct export mode may be much than appropriate in gaining a little more see to it, in which the manufacturer cares directly to an importer, agent or distributor in the for eign purport market. The local party will bring the advantage of breathing distribution networks, and will provide well-grounded local market knowledge. However, a company must be careful in entering into contracts as they can be difficult and lively to terminate, and can go wrong when there is a conflict in interests (e. . it may sell rivals goods or competing product lines). Similarly, there is a serious disincentive for the agent/distributor in that if it performs well and develops the market, it risks being replaced by a subsidiary of the principal. ordinary modes As a firm gradually evolves towards more foreign based operations, Intermediate modes will become more suitable modes of entry. This will likely include firms possessing just about sort of warlike advantage that are unable to exploit this advantage because of resource constraints.Intermediate modes take the form of contract manufacturing, licencing, franchising, a joint judge or a strategic alliance. Contract m anufacturing- where manufacturing is contracted to an external foreign partner provides a low risk and potentially low cost mode of entry. Benetton and Ikea are a good example of companies who successfully rely on a contractual network of small overseas manufacturers. Benetton has over 80% of its production outsourced to 450 contractors (located in low cost production countries such as India and China).As a result of the money saved on labour, Benetton can sell products 20% cheaper, back up it to maintain a low cost position in comparison to competitors. Of course, this method may not be appropriate for every company as there is a want of knowledge and intellectual property rights, and the transaction costs involved must as well be considered. Licensing differs from contract manufacturing in that more value chain functions bedevil been transferred to the licensee. In outsourcing production and downstream activities a licensor irm can concentrate on its core competences and cons equently will remain technologically superior in its product development- for example Apple licenses its brand to manufacturers of accessory products, and the BBC licenses rights to broadcast TV shows around the world. However a lack of control over licensor operations and therefore fictitious character may lead a company to use franchising (a sub variant of licensing) in which the franchisor gives a right to the franchisee against a payment, EG a right to use a total business concept/system, including the use of trademarks/brands, against some agreed royalty.Franchising not only provides a greater stratum of control than licensing, but It can also be seen as low cost and low risk as the franchise are the ones investing in the necessary equipment and know-how. This entry mode has been seen to generate great successes for companies such as McDonalds who now franchises 25000 restaurants globally. However, it should be noted that there is still a lack of full control over franchisees operations, which can result in problems with cooperation, communications, quality control etc, and a risk of damage to the companys international reputation if some franchisees underperform (free-riding).Another intermediary mode that will allow greater control is a joint move, in which 2 parent companies create a raw(a) child company. This eminent full point of control and local knowledge is a clear advantage of such an entry mode. The shared knowledge and resources gained through a JV as compared with on the whole owned subsidiaries will bring many advantages such as economies of scale. However of course there is a loss of confidentiality and flexibility, and the use of double management will raise questions about how the company is split- 50/50?If 50/50, it is difficult for the board to make decisions, if at all gradable modes of entry allow the highest degree of control for a firm, while at the same epoch, the highest degree of risk as the firm completely owns and contr ols the foreign entry mode. To have a whole owned subsidiary a firm can either acquire an existing company (acquisition) or build on its own operations from light upon (greenfield/brownfield investment). An acquisition will provide rapid entry, access to distribution channel, an existing customer base.This may be the only operable way of establishing a base in the host country in saturated markets, or where there are substantial entry barrier and therefore little room for a new entrant. Of course, as with intermediary modes, there is the issue of contracts, negotiation and the different management styles between companies. If difficulties (eg no appropriate acquisition) are encountered with acquisitions, it may lead firms to choose to establish greenfield (new facility) and brownfield (existing facilities) operations.Out of the two- greenfield is seen as an advantageous option because the new plant will involve the latest technology and equipment, avoiding the problem of assay t o change the traditional practices of an conventional concern. Although this is a big investment for a company involving slow entry into the foreign market, the returns are long term and the firm has control over the ideal operation. Conclusion It cannot be stated categorically which alternative is the best.There are many internal and external conditions which affect this choice and it should be emphasized that a manufacturer wanting to engage in global marketing may use more than one of these methods at the same time (Petersen and Welch, 2002). Such mode packages may take the form of a concerted use of several operation modes in an integrated, complementary way. Zara is a good example of this- in markets where the hierarchical ideal is used, there is high growth potential and relative low sociocultural distance between the home country of Spain and target market.The intermediate modes (usually joint venture and franchising) are mainly used in countries where the sociocultural dis tance is relatively high. For example in 1999, Zara entered into a 50-50 JV with the German firm OTTO Versand, which had experience in the distribution sector and market knowledge in one of Europes largest markets, Germany. Whereas franchising is used by Zara in high risk countries which are socio-culturally strange or have small markets which allow sales forecast such as Andorra, Puerto Rico or the Philippines.International disdain Entry ModesIntroduction An international entry mode is an institutional agreement necessary for the entry of a companys products, technology and human capital into a foreign country or market. The reluctance of firms to change entry modes once they are in place, and the difficulty involved in doing so, make the mode of entry decision a key strategic issue for firms operating in todays rapidly internationalizing market place.The choice of mode will depend on internal characteristics (eg firm size, international experience) and external characteristics ( eg the sociocultural distance between the host country and the home country) as well as the trade-off between desired mode characteristics (risk adverse, control and flexibility). The diagram below conveys 3 broad categories of modes of entry, and their fundamental trade offs.Further to the issues discussed above, no matter which of three of the export modes the manufacturer uses in a market, it is important to think about what level of mindshare the manufacturer occupies in the mind of the export partner, as there has been a strong proven correlation between mindshare levels and how willing the export intermediary is to place on company brand in front of another, or how likely the intermediary is to defect. Good mind share will depend on scoring well across the three drivers of commitment and trust, collaboration and mutuality of interest & common purpose.Control Key and Word Text and Graphics.Export Modes Baring in mind the factors discussed above we will now review the different types of entry modes, beginning with export modes, as they are typically the modes used in initial entry to international markets, as they require a lower financial investment than other modes and can be viewed as a toe in the water for in experienced and smaller firms or where there may be risks (eg political, economic environmental) preventing FDI. The three major types of exporting are indirect, direct and cooperative.Indirect export modes are modes in which the exporting manufacturer uses independent organizations located in a producers country, they include the use of an export buying agent, a broker, an export house, a trading company, or a piggyback. Indirect export modes may be appropriate for firms with limited- rather than long term- international expansion objectives. For example, if international sales are primarily used as a means of disposing of surplus production. The lack of contact with firms abroad will provide limited information to develop a plan for internation al expansion.In the use of such modes, there is limited control over the marketing mix (other than product). A direct export mode may be more appropriate in gaining a little more control, in which the manufacturer sells directly to an importer, agent or distributor in the foreign target market. The local party will bring the advantage of existing distribution networks, and will provide good local market knowledge. However, a company must be careful in entering into contracts as they can be difficult and costly to terminate, and can go wrong when there is a conflict in interests (e. . it may sell rivals goods or competing product lines). Similarly, there is a serious disincentive for the agent/distributor in that if it performs well and develops the market, it risks being replaced by a subsidiary of the principal. Intermediate modes As a firm gradually evolves towards more foreign based operations, Intermediate modes will become more suitable modes of entry. This will likely include firms possessing some sort of competitive advantage that are unable to exploit this advantage because of resource constraints.Intermediate modes take the form of contract manufacturing, licencing, franchising, a joint venture or a strategic alliance. Contract manufacturing- where manufacturing is contracted to an external foreign partner provides a low risk and potentially low cost mode of entry. Benetton and Ikea are a good example of companies who successfully rely on a contractual network of small overseas manufacturers. Benetton has over 80% of its production outsourced to 450 contractors (located in low cost production countries such as India and China).As a result of the money saved on labour, Benetton can sell products 20% cheaper, helping it to maintain a low cost position in comparison to competitors. Of course, this method may not be appropriate for every company as there is a loss of knowledge and intellectual property rights, and the transaction costs involved must also be considered. Licensing differs from contract manufacturing in that more value chain functions have been transferred to the licensee. In outsourcing production and downstream activities a licensor irm can concentrate on its core competences and therefore will remain technologically superior in its product development- for example Apple licenses its brand to manufacturers of accessory products, and the BBC licenses rights to broadcast TV shows around the world. However a lack of control over licensor operations and therefore quality may lead a company to use franchising (a sub variant of licensing) in which the franchisor gives a right to the franchisee against a payment, EG a right to use a total business concept/system, including the use of trademarks/brands, against some agreed royalty.Franchising not only provides a greater degree of control than licensing, but It can also be seen as low cost and low risk as the franchise are the ones investing in the necessary equipment and kno w-how. This entry mode has been seen to generate great successes for companies such as McDonalds who now franchises 25000 restaurants globally. However, it should be noted that there is still a lack of full control over franchisees operations, which can result in problems with cooperation, communications, quality control etc, and a risk of damage to the companys international reputation if some franchisees underperform (free-riding).Another intermediary mode that will allow greater control is a joint venture, in which 2 parent companies create a new child company. This high degree of control and local knowledge is a clear advantage of such an entry mode. The shared knowledge and resources gained through a JV as compared with wholly owned subsidiaries will bring many advantages such as economies of scale. However of course there is a loss of confidentiality and flexibility, and the use of double management will raise questions about how the company is split- 50/50?If 50/50, it is dif ficult for the board to make decisions, if at all Hierarchical modes of entry allow the highest degree of control for a firm, while at the same time, the highest degree of risk as the firm completely owns and controls the foreign entry mode. To have a wholly owned subsidiary a firm can either acquire an existing company (acquisition) or build on its own operations from scratch (greenfield/brownfield investment). An acquisition will provide rapid entry, access to distribution channel, an existing customer base.This may be the only feasible way of establishing a base in the host country in saturated markets, or where there are substantial entry barrier and therefore little room for a new entrant. Of course, as with intermediary modes, there is the issue of contracts, negotiation and the different management styles between companies. If difficulties (eg no appropriate acquisition) are encountered with acquisitions, it may lead firms to prefer to establish greenfield (new facility) and brownfield (existing facilities) operations.Out of the two- greenfield is seen as an advantageous option because the new plant will involve the latest technology and equipment, avoiding the problem of trying to change the traditional practices of an established concern. Although this is a big investment for a company involving slow entry into the foreign market, the returns are long term and the firm has control over the entire operation. Conclusion It cannot be stated categorically which alternative is the best.There are many internal and external conditions which affect this choice and it should be emphasized that a manufacturer wanting to engage in global marketing may use more than one of these methods at the same time (Petersen and Welch, 2002). Such mode packages may take the form of a concerted use of several operation modes in an integrated, complementary way. Zara is a good example of this- in markets where the hierarchical model is used, there is high growth potential and relative low sociocultural distance between the home country of Spain and target market.The intermediate modes (usually joint venture and franchising) are mainly used in countries where the sociocultural distance is relatively high. For example in 1999, Zara entered into a 50-50 JV with the German firm OTTO Versand, which had experience in the distribution sector and market knowledge in one of Europes largest markets, Germany. Whereas franchising is used by Zara in high risk countries which are socio-culturally distant or have small markets which allow sales forecast such as Andorra, Puerto Rico or the Philippines.

Enterprise Architecture as Strategy

Executive Summary This discipline is an examination of channelize make for prompted by MEG International, a large and re editable Finnish IT geological formation. This taradiddle explains Enterprise computer architecture and how it quarter be applied as a system. It explains Coachmans mannikin for enterprise architecture (Coachman, 1987) and the components of its two dimensional matrix.Criticism that Coachman frame subject field is all a taxonomy follows on identifying succeeding(prenominal) framework The Open root Architecture good example (known as TOGA) and its criticism that displace act as architectural process instead than a framework, this report recommends to apply Coachman Framework for economy and TOGA as architectural process for MEG to follow out Enterprise architecture as strategy. This report then follows on defining Re- instauration process from the recognize organisational sort perspective.The report follows on the next section explaining the crit ical risks to re-engineer an institution and how to make sure the re- engineer process has been carry out successfully. While analyzing the implementation of re-engineering process this report introduces Muckinesss septet S (Systems, Structures, Staff, Skills, Strategy, Style, Shargond Values). The next section f the report then rears the Justification that deviate is indispensable in an brass instrument and identifies quaternary main reasons for it.Although most people said MEG planetary is successful, its poor profit results, poor vigilance practice and deficiency of communication and groupwork contrasted those statements. 1. 1 Enterprise Architecture as strategy Enterprise architecture is the practice of applying a comprehensive and rigorous method for describing a current and future expression and deportment for an organizations processes, reading systems, personnel and organizational sub- units, so that they align with the organizations core goals and strategic direction (Shaw, 2007).Similarly, Coachman (1987) discovers enterprise architecture as it is to pep the commercial enterprise line from disintegrating the concept of information systems architecture is becoming less of an option and often of a necessity. Enterprise is an independent, stand merely entity comprising set of parentage functions and architecture is the underlying framework that provides the ground for the enterprise to live efficiently to make organizational goals.The primary purpose of creating enterprise architecture is to ensure that business enterprise strategy and IT investments atomic number 18 aligned and provide long-term view of a comp whatsoevers processes, systems and technologies (Ross, Well & Robertson, 2006). Enterprise architecture is any-important(a) because organizations pauperisation to adapt increasingly fast to increased rivalry, changing node requirements, and business goals. Since MEG international was showing stigmas of reduction in sales and threatening foodstuff position by foreign competition were perfect examples that MEG was non adapting to rapidly changing milieus.This need for adoption has influence over the immaculate business processes change in one business process may influence other business process. To keep enterprise architecture coherent, change should be managed accordingly in any architectures, and the relations amongst different architecture just be open air so it is vital for MEG to implement enterprise architecture as a strategy to be able to gain competitive advantage. Main trouble in adopting enterprise architecture as strategy is to match business architectural junction and IT alignment because of the differences in architectural manakining methods.Business analysts build complex business process models similarly IT architects end design complex applications. These two groups of people may be best at what they do but they lack public language to understand each others de sign. Mona Lisa although be Information Systems consultant didnt have he leaseership capacity or vision on how she is going to approach the issue of aligning these two processes, or what framework to use for the enterprise architecture and what IT strategy to choose to effort forward towards the change process.Some of the sound known examples of enterprise architecture frameworks that can help to build the strategies close to enterprise architecture in MEG ar Coachmans framework for enterprise architecture (Coachman, 1987) (Figure 1) This framework is a logical structure for classifying the different perspectives involved in enterprise architecture in a two dimensional matrix that are significant to TTS stakeholders.The matrix consists of levels or hornswoggleer perspective (scope or planner, business model or business owner, system model or designer, applied science or builder, detailed representations or subcontractor and Functioning Enterprise) and six columns or aspects ( entropy, function, network, people, time, motivation). From the Business owner perspective data represents information about customers, products, suppliers and relationships between these entities (Session, 2007).On the other hand data from the perspective of technical person implementing the database is rows and columns in tables which are linked together by Joins (Session, 007). If we move remaining to right on the grid we see different system descriptions from one player view whereas if we move from top to bottom it changes the different player perspective of viewing the system descriptions. Both perspectives are indeed critical for understanding the systems architecture that Coachman tries to address in his architecture.There are any(prenominal) criticisms about this framework that it itself doesnt desexualise the methodology of the framework and is a complex process and can be applicable for large organizations only. This framework mainly acts as a template where goals, ales, processes, materials, roles, locations and events that organizations require must be filled in. Session (2007) argues that the Coachman Framework is actually taxonomy for organizing architectural artifacts (I. E. Design documents, specifications, models) that takes into account both who the artifact targets (e. G. Business owner, builder) and what particular issue (e. G. , data, functionality) is being intercommunicate. The Open Group Architecture Framework (known as TOGA) (Figure 2) This framework mainly has four components such(prenominal) as business architecture, application architecture, data architecture and technical architecture. Business architecture explains how business processes are aligned to meet the organizational goals.Application architecture describes how the applications are designed and explains the relationship between industry long applications. Similarly Data architecture explains how the enterprise data are stored and accessed and finally technical a rchitecture is amenable for explaining the interactions between software and hardware infrastructure. It mainly relies on already existing, proven technologies and products and tries to give a well-tested general embark oning model which can be further extended.Although TOGA describes itself as framework, Session (2007) categorized TOGA as architectural process rather than an architectural framework. Session (2007) further extends Coachman explains how to categories the artifacts and TOGA gives the process to create them. So for an organization like MEG international Togas Architecture Development Method (ADAM) (Figure 3) provides a strategic process for pitiable from generic to specific enterprise architecture.Therefore taxonomy like Coachman and an architectural process like TOGA seem very much appropriate for MEG to adapt Enterprise Architecture as strategy. . 2 Re-engineering Re-engineering could also be construe as reverse engineering or stem redesign of a business proces s which disregards all the traditions and assumptions of the retiring(a) business processes or procedures and develops naked as a jaybird one aiming to leap forward in performance and this seems inhering for MEG International.Reengineering process involves in identifying the characteristics of an already engineered product or services and the processes involved in exploitation those, then redesigning all the processes from the scratch to improve current productivity or customer satisfaction. Hammer & Champs (1993) describe business re-engineering as the thoroughgoing rethinking and radical redesign of an entire business system to achieve outstanding improvements in critical measures of performance. Reengineering is most often called business process reengineering which is aimed to accomplish tremendous changes within an organization and underpins all the possible outcomes to maintain a true competitive advantage among the competitors. Reengineering focuses on identifying and abandoning outdated rules and assumptions and creating new rules, work methods and workflow to achieve organizational goals aiming to increase productivity, product quality and customer satisfaction drastically. first of all company need to identify the problems and what can be the solutions to fix them.If that cannot be fixed by some other meaner or change process then a basic re engineering model must be developed, then companys core processes should be redesigned and final stage is to adopt the new design. Re-engineering is not a simple task to accomplish, it requires fundamental rethink and radical redesign of business processes. For effectiveness it requires structure and analytic approach to generate aromatic improvements in cost reduction, quality improvements, customer satisfaction, speed etc. Epic Reengineering (Hammer & Champs, 2003, p. 2) Companies that are in deep competitive differences with their competitors, companies who have managers who can see problems arisin g like MEG and start on re-engineer the business before all their competitive advantage are wiped off. Hammer and Champs (1993)gs rhetorical capitulum of reengineering is that If I were re-creating this company today, given what I know and the current level of technology, what would it look liker.Focus on fundamentals, radical redesign element, the potential for dramatic results and business process orientation must be addressed tour answering the question. Fundamentals like what the organization does, why it is done that port, what are the tactical aspects, should be addressed turn designing re-engineered process what should be. Superficial changes and quantum leap in performance is the must while re-engineering not only marginal enhancements and improvements. These changes should address current business process, plus implement improved and change processes that improve value to he customer. . Critical risks to re-engineer organization and successful change implementation Re- engineering the organization processes or business process reengineering (BPR) can produce drastic change and improvement in the organizational processes if implemented successfully. However if it is not implemented correctly it will not work as advertised and let on to meet the graduate(prenominal) expectations. Recent surveys show that about 70% BPR fail and some organizations that have put massive effort in BPR are only able to gain marginal benefits (Davenport, 1993).These figures indicate that re- engineering has high risk but also organizations are ready to take the risk because the output when execute efficiently can be astounding. Some of the risk that could derail BPR process can be no support from senior managers, focusing on automating current processes before reengineering process is identified, making technology alone dependent on change process and not identifying the limitation of the current Information technology infrastructure.Other in a flash impacting difficul ties that BPR can face involves employee resistance to change, not addressing employee concerns, schismatic of strategy & goals, lack of leadership oversight and commitment. Including all these risks main critical factor is that organization must be truly committed to change in the re-engineering process with full support of senior level management. At Meg international even though Latino thought that everyone would be excited by the prospects of organizational change, only few verbalised any enthusiasm for understanding general management.Most of the divisional heads were not clear on what re-engineering process is and were misinterpreting the concept in their own words which created an anxiety among most of the employees which resulted in loss of number of good technical staff. These were clear signs that most of the divisional heads were not ready to help in the re-engineering process that was very bad sign for Mona Lisa to start with. Since the BPR is a high risk process and in volves high level of tasks to achieve, it can never be one man trading it stresses the use of group throughout the process.Lisa however didnt show any hatch route in having a aggroup as a result her rigorous efforts were wasted and ultimately lead to her resignation. If I was in her position then my first priority of this project could be to create police squad of experts from different parts of organization to understand the business processes and technical infrastructure, and hire few members in the aggroup from outside who have better understanding of re-engineering process who will be responsible for explaining the management team what re-engineering actually is and what we are planning to achieve.It is unlikely that an organization can ignore the existing infrastructure and implement a process from scratch. It is more realistic to acknowledge the resources available and any real constraints and develop fundamental understanding of their implications on the process redesig n (Davenport, 1993). After the process is redesigned, available Information Technology should be used to facilitate the implementation of new process that rules out the possibility of technology to be the express mail factor.While process re-engineering is not a technology endeavourer, IT is recognized as having a critical role to play in re- engineering efforts, primarily as an enabler of new operational and management processes (Davenport and Short 1990 Hammer and Champs 1993 Davenport 1993). However, IT in itself cannot be held responsible for the ultimate success or failure of the business strategy. When skillfully applied, IT can provide support for the intermediate processes that taken together comprise the execution of an organizations strategy.Since organizations culture is an important aspect and cannot be ignored in the change process, the framework that I will be using during re-engineering process is Muckinesss seven S diagram (Figure 4) because it encapsulates the key components of an organization and has Shared Values (or Culture) at its centre. 2. 1 Systems- These are the processes, methods, procedures, rules, techniques, technology, manuals, etc. That ensures that work is undertaken efficiently and accurately. These are the of the essence(p) part of an organization to guide the management and staff.Therefore key to BPR process is to understand current systems and redesign them, often as Davenport (1993) highlights, new processes are enabled by new technology which ultimately engages employees to learn new techniques. 2. 2 Structures- After the key processes are redefined, the next step would be to restructure the organization to match along these processes. The new form of organizational structure that aims to break the conventional types of structure, particularly bureaucratic and divisional structures is required.Hammer & Champs (2003) recommend a move to much flatter structures organized around the processes, whereas Davenport (1993) reco mmends a multidimensional matrix structure, with process responsibility as a key dimension (p 160). To achieve this, Johansson et al (1993) states the new organization must accommodate a balance between functional expertness and process involvement and goes on to say it is essential to remove functional barriers (IPPP). 3 staff- As per Henley (1991) Staff is the quality and quantity of people employed and manager has the role of motivation, reward systems, the structure of Jobs and team work (pop). Davenport (1993) expresses gain-sharing (Pl 10), lateral promotion, upgrade from role title to process title (Pl 1 1), and kindle and challenging through work role rotation, he believes encourages employees to redesign the processes to eliminate their own Job. In contrast to Davenports expression BPR to some extent will be involved in down-sizing and right-sizing the workforce. 2. Skills- Henley (1991) defines skills as The competences the organization needs in its people in order to per form difficult tasks to a high standard (pop). The BPR redefines the roles that should enhance and provide space for skills development where Hammer & Champs (1993) add New World of hightail it where Jobs change from simple tasks to multi-dimensional work. This meaner Job preparation changes from training to education, from rule following to exercising public opinion and managers change from supervisors to coaches and executives change from scorekeepers to leaders(p 169). . 5 Strategy- The main task in BPR is to discover the organizations strategy and of what drives competitive advantage in a particular industry the industrys value chain and the basis for competition, and how a particular company seeks to gain competitive edge Monsoon et al 1993, pop). BPR decisions and strategic decisions involving new processes new structure and new staff spiritset is highly difficult to achieve but managers should be trained to enjoin their Process vision driven by Business Strategy Davenport (1993, Pl 27). 2. Style- By style Henley (1991) meaner the philosophy, determine and shared beliefs adopted y managers in their use of power (pop). BPR should be able to change the way things are done in the organization and behavioral changes. Process innovation involves massive change, not only in process flows and the culture surrounding them, but also in organizational power and controls (Davenport, 1993, Pl 3). 2. 7 Shared Values- Andrews & Stack (1994) state that in successful reengineering business operations, individual belief systems reach aligned with the stated beliefs of the organization (Pl 15).Reengineering will definitely have a big impact on the cultural specs of an organization under new processes, structure, staff role, management strategy and style but re-engineering assumes that employees deeply believe they work for their customers, not for their bosses(Hammer & Champs, 1993, pop). BPR should establish new process teams linked by common values where employee s must believe in self empowerment, self management and rewards based on skills must be used.Following this structure would provide me path to develop perfect strategy that would enable me to lead my team to successful re-engineering process at MEG international that would significantly improve the performance of the equines processes. Change is inevitable in an organization, the organizations unable to keep up with the change cannot match up with the fast changing market and their survival will be in question. There are many things, events, or situations that occur in an organization or its external environment that affect the way a business operates, either that can be positive or negative.To cope with these occurrences, situations or events every organization has to fundamentally alter the way they do business. Thus we can say the statement Change is an ever-present feature of organizational brio, both at an operational and strategic level. Therefore, there should be no doubt re garding the importance to any organization of its ability to identify where it needs to be in the future, and how to manage the changes required getting there. Consequently, organizational change cannot be separated from organizational strategy, or vice versa is very true.There are mainly four reasons that organizations need to changes that can be market changes, increased competition, external forces, and internal forces. 3. 1 Market changes The international demand for quality products, low prices, better service and increased level of client satisfaction are the key for the organizations change the way they do business in current global economy. To match these ever changing needs companies are forced to form collaborative arrangements, cooperative ventures and even alliances.Social and political pressures have ever been there for the organizations. Employee values, needs, priorities and their motivations are al slipway influenced by the political and social events. To match up w ith their needs its essential for managers to adjust their management styles and arrange comfortable environment for employees. . 2 Increased competition In past where there were technology was not advance enough and there was less global competition with pokey moving business environment where change occurred incrementally and infrequently.But now challenges organizations face is different, globalization has created both opportunities and challenges forcing firms to make drastic changes not only to compete but to survive in the market. Globalization is basically driven by proficient advances, international economic integration and domestic market maturation (cotter 1996). Even companies operating in small entries can feel the impact of global competition. 3. 3 External forces External campaign forces are those kinds of situations or events that occur outside of the company and they are beyond the control of an organization.External forces can be expressed under these sub-classif ications Demographic Characteristics The change in population and their density come under this classification that can trigger organizational changes. This mainly includes changes in age, gender, race, and increase in diversity. Technological developments In current business environment technology plays vital role in any organization. The Internet has revolutionized the way in which information is exchanged, communication facilitated and commerce conducted.Technology is rapidly changing and effective management demands more knowledge in these areas in order for companies to manage their resources and develop, maintain or keep their competitive edge. It is essential for organizations to adapt technology to improve productivity and market competitiveness. Since technology is fastest changing entity, any business missing to follow the technological changes might loose their competitiveness or wiped off completely from the market. . 4 Internal Forces Internal driving forces are those k inds of situations or events that occur inside the company and they controlled if there is proper initiative taken.Internal forces can be expressed under these sub Human resource factors -classifications People change more frequently and they recreate in their changed perceptions in the organizations. Their perceptions about the work and work environment, their expectations from their managers and colleagues, flexibility and balance between work and their life etc could act as important factor for organizational change. To increase employee motivation, and improve their commitment and education towards work, their stresses, sources of conflict, work overload, and ambiguity need to be identified and eliminated.Managerial behavior/decisions Excessive interpersonal conflict is often a clear sign that change is needed. Due to the important role of the manager in introducing and managing change in the organization, skills training and capacity building programmed for both manager and em ployee might be necessary. It is suggested that a better strategic approach to change is where organizations and heir people continually monitor, sense and respond to external and internal environment in small steps as an ongoing process (Burners, 2004).Early model of change was developed by Lenin (cited in Burners 2004, p. 985) consisting of three- stage process. First stage is unfreezing which is mainly aimed at overcoming or dismantling the existing mind set that are resisting change. Secondly the change implementation which can be of lot of confusions where old ways are challenged and new ideas have not been fully stable. Final stage he called is refreezing stabilizing hanged within organizational culture, norms, policies and practices in order to ensure the new behavior is sustained in individuals.The unfreezing process is extremely important when introducing new technology with most failures occurring at this stage due to two factors a lack of effective communication at the be ginning and a failure to involve affected individuals in the change process. Therefore Cotter (1996) identifies that successful transformational change requires all of the steps in (Figure 5) and that the total time for the change is considerable. Skipping a step never reduces a satisfactory result and critical mistakes in any of the phases can have a devastating impact (Cotter, 199, p. 7). 4. Re-engineering Implementation In an organization there are various business processes which are usually fragmented into sub-processes and tasks. Re-engineering should identify these individual fragmented processes and tasks. Re-engineering should start with assessment of the organizations mission, strategic goals, and customer requirements main questions to be asked are who are the customers? What are our strategic goals and are they aligned with our mission? . consort to (Hall, et al, 1993) five keys to re-