Jane Eyre Character Essay

â€Å"The humblest individual exerts some influence, either for good or evil, upon others† said Henry Ward Beecher. Everyone has some type of influence on another, whether it is big or small, good or bad. For example, outside influences, such as other characters, can affect a characters actions and thoughts in either a positive or negative way. In the novel Jane Eyre written by Charlotte Bronte, many characters influenced Jane, but Mr. Rochester and St. John Rivers had the most influence on her personality. Although the two men were very different from one another, they both had an impact on Jane’s transformation into a strong and independent women thought their actions, love, and influence. Mr. Rochester differs greatly with St. John though their outlook on religious and moral beliefs. â€Å"I advise you to live sinless; and I wish you to die tranquil.† (p.398) Mr. Rochester is portrayed as a sinner because he did not inform Jane that he was still married to Bertha Mason. His desire to keep Jane at Thornfield as his mistress displayed his lack of morality. While Mr. Rochester is passionate and desperate, St. John is cold and determined. St. John’s somber personality is made clear when he said, â€Å"I want a wife: the sole helpmeet I can influence efficiently in life and retain absolutely till death. (p.506) St. John, unlike Mr. Rochester, followed religious principles and moral values. These two men are both the most influential males in her life, but they are both so different from one another. Although Mr. Rochester and St. John had very different beliefs, they both brought out changes in Jane’s character. If Jane were to accept Rochester’s first proposal, she would had sacrificed her dignity for love. â€Å"I care for myself. The more solitary, the more friendless, the more unsustained I am, the more I will respect myself.† (p.398) Jane does not accept his proposal in marriage in order to preserve her self-esteem. This struggle with Rochester farther developed her morality and self-worth. In refusing his marriage proposal because he has a wife, she became morally superior to him. Jane was able to keep her moral value through sacrificing her feelings for what was right. St. John longed to marry Jane and invited her to accompany him on his missionary trip to India. He says, â€Å"God and nature intended you for a missionary’s wife. It is not personal, but mental endowments they have given you: you are formed for labor, not for love.† (p.502) St. John thought Jane would make a great missionary’s wife because of her morals. Jane replies saying, â€Å" Oh! I will give my heart to God, you do not want it.† (p.507) As the quote shows, if Jane was to accept St. John’s proposal, she knew she would be settling on someone that did not truly love her, nor did she truly love in return. Though this experience Jane realizes love can on be found in a relationship with mutual feelings. Therefore Jane denies St. Johns love for her and his marriage proposal. Through Jane’s obstacles throughout the novel, she overcame her weaknesses. The influences from both Mr. Rochester and St. John shaped her character, strengthened her moral principles, and taught her to make the right choices. With each situation Jane made the right decisions. The two men, although completely diverse from one another, they both played a vital role in Jane’s growth as a character.

Hamlet Soliloquy Essay

In this essay, I am going to show how significant Hamlet’s soliloquys are in the play and how they relate with the plot, and will expose the different ideas shown indirectly by Shakespeare through Hamlet and i will explain Hamlet as a whole as he expressed through his soliloquys and how he gives the play its tragic theme. The character of Hamlet in Shakespeare’s play â€Å"Hamlet† show many strong emotions through the use of his soliloquys and shows the internal battle which he experiences throughout the play giving it it’s â€Å"tragic† theme. An example of this would be in the first of his soliloquys, where he ultimately contemplates suicide due to the despair that he is experiencing: â€Å"O that this too too solid flesh would melt†. From this, the importance and significance of Hamlet’s Soliloquys during the play show his isolation from society, suggesting the uniqueness of his character. His feelings during his soliloquys also contrast with the behaviour of the Courts, where he reveals his state of mind and the truth, where the courts are more pleasure seeking than decisive when discussing politics. This is shown by Hamlet in his discussion with Horatio where he reveals that â€Å"This heavy-headed revel east and west/ Makes us traduced and taxed of other nations†¦ though performed at height. † The power of Hamlet’s soliloquys during the play show shakespeares philosophical views to life. For example, in Hamlet’s â€Å"To be or not to be† soliloquy, Hamlet, again contemplates suicide, where he suggests that suicide is the easiest way of ending the problems and conflicts of life. He then debates this by saying that the fear of an unknown afterlife is what keeps man living. Hamlet observes religion, but it has been shown that he is hypocritical of it because he is inconsistant with his beliefs (As shown by Schlegel), for example, when the ghost enters, he believes that it truely is his father, and when it leaves, it appears to him as he has been decieved: â€Å"Be thou a spirit of health or goblin damned†¦ /That i will speak to thee. I’ll call thee Hamlet. † Hamlet, in his first soliloquy also refers to the 6th Biblical commandment â€Å"Thou shalt not kill† which he understands forbids suicide and murder:†His canon ‘gainst self-slaughter. O God, God. † Shakespeare has also given Hamlet the habit of thinking in religious terms, e. g: â€Å"For God’s Love, Let me hear! † , â€Å"Angels and Ministers of grace defend us! † Hamlet’s soliloquy before act 3 shows the audience the endless debate that Hamlet goes through, and Shakespeare delays the end to express how Hamlet is abzorbing the news and whether or not to accept the challenge. Shakespeare does this to shape Hamlet’s character in the eyes of the audience. A tragic theme is shown through Hamlet’s quotations by firstly, Hamlet having to celebrate his Mother’s marriage with his uncle, and at the same time having to mourne his Father’s death. Hamlet reveals his loneliness when his Mother asks him why his father’s death seems so important, he replies by saying â€Å"Seems, madam? Nay it is. I know not ‘seems’. † Shakespeare, here shows another source of Hamlets sadness, where he has only Ophelia, who has also rejected him due to the ‘advice’ given to her by her father. He reveals this in another one of his soliloquys: â€Å"Now I am alone. O, what a rouge and peasant slave am I! † Hamlets sorrow mulitiplys when he finds out that Ophelia had died, where he states that â€Å"Forty thousand brothers/Could not (with all their quantity and love) Make up my sum. † However, these feelings of sorrow quickly get replaced with anger, where he expresses them early on in Act 1: â€Å"I with wings as swift as thought†¦ sweep to my revenge. † He does this again in his conversation with Ophelia where he finds out that she has been lying to him, where he exposes her and commands her to â€Å"Get thee to a nunnery†, and that â€Å"I loved you once†. This speech indirectly shows his hatred for women, i. e. his mother, where Hamlet exposes Claudius’ plan of killing the Late Hamlet and dethroning him for becoming king himself. He appreciates that he needs to act out his anger by saying: â€Å"O Heart, lose thy nature, let me be cruel†, showing that Hamlet has a soft side, and that he actually wants to kill Claudius to avenge his Fathers death. During Act 3, Hamlet asks some players to act out a speech that he â€Å"Chiefly Loved†, where he reads out the first 13 lines from memory, signifying the link to his fathers death. The story that Hamlet expects is the fall of Troy and the killing of King Priam by his own son, and to Hamlet, this is what he wants to do to Polonius, where in his soliloquy after the speech, Hamlet rebukes himself for not having the same motivation and passion that Pyrrhus did: â€Å"What would he do/ Had he the motive and the cue for passion/ That i have?†¦ horrid speech/†¦ appal the free/†¦ confound the ignorant†¦ â€Å"

Pob Sba

Tangos will be a part of the communications industry in Jamaica. Tangos will be involved in providing a phone repair service and the sale of our own invention of technological devices such as phones and tablets, mainly to the residents of Leaguing and its environs. A variety of repair services will be provided. These include: phone repair, mainly android devices, laptops, loganberries, tablets and the insertion of trackers.The business will also involve the sale Of parts for those devices repaired and sold. These parts include: batteries, touch pads, phone cases and others. Tangos will also involve the sale our own gadgets. These include, our newly invented smart watch called the LATENT, the phenomenal CEO TABLET and our own android device called the LEECH. Objectives of the Business: The repair shop will provide good quality repair to its valid customers at an affordable cost. Tangos will provide a clean and healthy environment to conduct business.Tangos will strive to provide excel lent customer service. Tangos will provide timely service and affordable devices to its customers. LOCATION Tangos will be located at 130 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6 at the Sovereign Centre. REASONS FOR THE LOCATION OF THE BUSINESS. Tangos will be located in the heart of the business area in Leaguing, because of the many other businesses in the vicinity that would attract people to my business; this means more potential customers for Tangos.The business will be located close to its market because it will provide easier access to its potential customers. The fact that the Sovereign Centre is a major business area in Leaguing also makes it relatively easy for those potential customers to access to the area, because of the many means of transport. This location is also ideal because, there is a ready supply of labor for this type of business. Type of Plan: Production Plan Name: Rehashed Taylor School: Jamaica College Centre Number: 100052 Date of Submission: Pob Sba Tangos will be a part of the communications industry in Jamaica. Tangos will be involved in providing a phone repair service and the sale of our own invention of technological devices such as phones and tablets, mainly to the residents of Leaguing and its environs. A variety of repair services will be provided. These include: phone repair, mainly android devices, laptops, loganberries, tablets and the insertion of trackers.The business will also involve the sale Of parts for those devices repaired and sold. These parts include: batteries, touch pads, phone cases and others. Tangos will also involve the sale our own gadgets. These include, our newly invented smart watch called the LATENT, the phenomenal CEO TABLET and our own android device called the LEECH. Objectives of the Business: The repair shop will provide good quality repair to its valid customers at an affordable cost. Tangos will provide a clean and healthy environment to conduct business.Tangos will strive to provide excel lent customer service. Tangos will provide timely service and affordable devices to its customers. LOCATION Tangos will be located at 130 Old Hope Road, Kingston 6 at the Sovereign Centre. REASONS FOR THE LOCATION OF THE BUSINESS. Tangos will be located in the heart of the business area in Leaguing, because of the many other businesses in the vicinity that would attract people to my business; this means more potential customers for Tangos.The business will be located close to its market because it will provide easier access to its potential customers. The fact that the Sovereign Centre is a major business area in Leaguing also makes it relatively easy for those potential customers to access to the area, because of the many means of transport. This location is also ideal because, there is a ready supply of labor for this type of business. Type of Plan: Production Plan Name: Rehashed Taylor School: Jamaica College Centre Number: 100052 Date of Submission:

HR paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

HR paper - Essay Example As an HR, there is a great need to look into the above problem statement and redefine it to enable organization solve their current and future talent gaps as reviewed below. Most organizations fail to assess the gaps in terms of competencies and right skills required to meet future goals. Eventually, this leads to lack of required staff resources in the right location to meet the current and future workload. This lack of right individual with the right skills widens capability gap and finally pose a threat to organizational achievements. Additionally, most organizations fail to recognize employees as their greatest assets. They risks losing the few talented individuals to other competitors’ just because the organization fails to encourage, promote and invest in their staff resources. HR manager should lead the organization in rooting out this mentality and instead invest in continuous trainings that build capability workforce to address the organization’s future skill gaps. Due to scarcity in skills, most organizations find it very expensive to hire staff to address the skills gap. Most critical skills attract a market premium for those organizations that fail to develop and retain key skills. The cost of training and developing critical skills has remained high for most organizations hence making such necessary expertise not affordable. Rapid technological changes continue to remain a major challenge to most organization in addressing capability drive. This creates business environment with a more complex operations as skills evolve and become obsolete more rapidly. As an HR, there is a need to establish a proper knowledge and understanding of the global market and get the organization on toss with the changing market trends and technology so as to identify the relevant skills required in today’s world of production (Emmerichs & Marcum 2004). Based on the fact that most graduates are â€Å"half baked†, they get employed

Marxism a trend of socio-political thought Essay

Marxism a trend of socio-political thought - Essay Example In accordance with this postulate (and the inevitable growth of the class struggle), it is possible to make a conclusion that sooner or later the global economic crisis and revolution will occur. Besides, ultimately the means of production, sooner or later will move to the workers and peasants.Thereafter, in accordance with the following Marxist postulate, productivity growth will sooner or later lead to the fact that human capabilities will outstrip human needs, thus, social wealth will flow an endless stream, comes communism. Under these circumstances, the postulate that â€Å"material existence of any person ultimately determines his or her consciousness† will work. Thus, we can run to the conclusion that each person will receive material benefits according to needs. And all the people will automatically become happy. An era of universal happiness will come. That what is said about the strengthening of the class struggle in the Manifesto of Communist Party, â€Å"Over the past few decades, the history of industry and commerce was nothing but the history of the revolt of modern productive forces against modern conditions of production, against the property relations that are the conditions for the existence of the bourgeoisie and its rule. It suffices to mention the commercial crises that, coming back from time to time, call into question the existence of the entire bourgeois society ... The growing competition among the bourgeois, and the resulting commercial crises lead to the fact that the wages of the workers.

Paper two Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Paper two - Essay Example The US and indeed the whole world currently experiences high unemployment rates due to increased population and unavailability of job opportunities. This causes humans to inadequately meet their basic needs and consequently leads to poverty. Poverty refers to a condition in which basic human needs including food, clothing and shelter fail to be met. A majority of countries would have poverty being exhibited through low life expectancy, poor nutrition and high infant mortality among other factors. Poverty results from unavailability of resources and humans being unable to achieve economic development. Socially, discriminating other people based on their culture, race, gender or inabilities has also been a major socioeconomic issue. Racism and sexism would be observed in a majority of the countries particularly due to the increased globalization. This causes the minority groups to be disadvantaged and miss on the opportunities presented to the majority. Globalization has further caused a shift in social morality with major morality conflicts resulting due to abortion, prostitution and drug abuse among others. But the belief that Christians have on Jesus plays a critical role in confronting these socioeconomic problems. Christians’ Belief on Jesus Christians believe Jesus as being full of compassion towards all humankind due to His caring nature. The reason people go to church and follow Christian principles has been noted to be majorly finding care and compassion, a position that has seen Christians considered as caring and compassionate people. Jesus shows compassion to the Church with the ultimate indication of His compassion being the sacrifice of shedding His blood for the cleansing of the Church. In spite of a few times when Jesus got angry like the day He turned tables over in the temple, He largely showed compassion to all humans without regard to their situations or nature. As such, Christians being His followers have the obligation to lead a life of compassion to the society at large. How Christians’ Belief about Jesus Helps Confront Socioeconomic Problems Compassion cares for the temporal needs of people. The story of Jesus feeding a multitude with just a few fish and loaves of bread indicates the need for compassion as a way to support people in need. The problem that the people had then was lack of food. As such, Jesus found a temporal solution to the temporal need and He fed them using the fish and bread from the young shepherd boy. In the same manner, a majority of the reasons causing socioeconomic issues in the society could be attributed to humans’ temporal needs. Lack of human basic needs drive people engaging in socially immoral acts such as prostitution. Additionally, drug abuse could be a direct result of unemployment and idleness. If Christians adopt a compassionate attitude as was with Jesus, such persons would have people share with them food and clothing and probably even shelter. Christians woul d take it upon themselves to ensure that such persons secure employment so that they earn a decent living just like other average human beings. Therefore, compassion from Christians would have the needy have their temporal needs catered for. Compassion cares for the oppressed. It has been appreciated that discrimination plays a significant role in propagating socioeconomic problems in the society. Notably, racism, sexism, class discrimination and nepotism have been said to cause the occurrence of several crimes in the society. But with

Life in the Colonial Convent. in Latin America Research Paper

Life in the Colonial Convent. in Latin America - Research Paper Example Conquering nations placed value on convents. Monastic life gained respect and power in the society. Distinction of ethnicity, honour, and gender between the nuns increased with the passage of time. Many individuals were being used as slaves and servants in the convents. Convents generated financial resources by getting money from wealthy families; this defined numerous classes of people as per their financial standings (Bethell 56). Factors like demography, spatial variations and economy caused differences in women’s lives. Spanish women were given almost all the rights and protection during the colonial period in Latin America. Education and protection for women was ensured at the convents but other races and classes suffered as there were no rights and convent for them in Latin America (Skidmore & Smith 71). Latin America was male dominated colonial world and women were not allowed to take part in any activity without the permission of male. Male member of the family was onl y allowed to take all decision in day-to-day social life. Race and class distinction was firmly enforced and people were dealt accordingly. Women used two types of veils for differentiating leaders from servants. Nuns wearing black veils were from wealthy families and brought all the precious items with them. ... Mestizo women were only employed as servants. These practises at the convents enacted social barriers in the human life in the colonies (Edwards 128). Convents were initially established only in the main cities of Latin America. Walls were built to separate the convents from the cities. That is why convent used to give a deserted look. Keeping of slaves and servants in convents was as normal as in rest of the world. there are numerous examples in Latin America and people also say that between two convents in Cuzco , more than 500 living out of which 50% were nuns (Bethell 61). Influential families lived in separate homes within the convent and kept orphan girls as servants along with other servants. Dona Juana de Maldonado constructed good house for herself. She used dozen of black maids in construction of accommodation in the convent. Juana also spoke about gender double standards in her poems (Skidmore & Smith 75). Convents in Latin America used multiple sources to generate revenue s. Nuns took oath of obedience and poverty to their superiors. Wealthy families residing in convents could not manage to give a luxurious life to their daughters because a huge amount of money was paid to church and convent. Nuns were considered â€Å"brides of Christ† so all nuns were expected to give their dowry to church. Quantity of dowry presented to church, dictated the amount of luxurious lives that nuns can live. 6000 pesos was entry fee in the convent in Lima. For a luxurious living, convent used to charge double amount (Edwards 132). Demography, spatial variations and economy caused differences in women’s lives in colonial Latin America. Islamic way of social life was fully followed by the Iberian women during the colonial age in old and the new world.

Street Food Sellers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Street Food Sellers - Research Paper Example There are numerous people who sell street food in developing countries and mostly the goods are homogenous is nature , each person will sell the exact same good which is going to be a perfect substitute to market competitors. A large number of producers is also going to determine that one producer or consumer cannot influence the market price. A producer who wishes to increase the price cannot do so as consumers are going to shift to the other business selling street food at cheaper rates. A single consumer cannot influence market price as well, they can signal to the producer as to how much to produce but one consumer cannot dictate market price. The producer has to keep equilibrium at the efficient output. The producer must minimize costs in order to sell at a competitive price in the market. Each producer has a small market share due to the perfectly competitive nature of the goods, one producer will not be able to secure a larger market share due to the same reason it will not be able to affect market price. ... The reason why Street Food sellers in developing countries is an example of perfect competition is due to the fact that the business face the same characteristics of perfect competition and hence is declared to fall under that category. Monopoly – A monopoly is a market structure which is characterized by the domination of one firm in the market share of good producing differentiated goods with significant barriers to entry. An example of a monopoly business is South West Gas in Arizona which is a monopoly due to the reason that it falls under the same characteristics as that of a monopoly as it is shown below Since it is the only gas provider in the region the market is dominated by the business .Some characteristics include that there is an in-elastic demand for its product, for example if South West Gas decides that it is going to increase the price of its goods the consumption of that good will not decrease due to a lack of substitutes of that good. There are no or very fe w substitutes of gas, so the business can afford to charge high prices without the fear of the consumers shifting to an alternate good. There is no interdependence on other firms / competitors since it is the largest and only gas provider in the region it does not have to account for the competitor’s actions before devising a market strategy. There are numerous barriers to entry in the market , one due to the economies of scale enjoyed by the monopoly the new firm ( even if it enters the market) cannot rival South West Gas for prices as the monopoly has the advantages of lower costs. Another barrier to entry is the obvious utilization of gas resources in the land by the

To what extent today's business broke through limits of ethics and Essay

To what extent today's business broke through limits of ethics and respect towards others - Essay Example This comes with the augmentation of the need for land as a major investment asset and factor, creating a worldwide land market. Globalization and liberalization of land asset rights and subsequent promotion of foreign investments in the Tanzanian dispensation offer fertile background and chance to the contemporary land acquisition deals. Moreover, the rapid hiking of such investments triggered a huge debate in their eventual impacts in Tanzania. Since it is greatly affirmed that agriculture in developing nations is in need of exploitation and investment, there exists a controversy in the ethics of foreign involvement in acquiring these lands. Supporters argue that the acquisition and investment results into new income generating opportunities, advanced technology and infrastructural advancements in the rural areas while the critics claim evidence of rights violations, food insecurity and degradation of natural resources on land (Mteti). Introduction This report succinctly generates a n assessment of valid information regarding the acquisition of land by transnational affiliation from foreign countries. Additionally, it espouses on various cases relating to the same while questioning whether such cases reflect positive or negative ethics by both parties. Is it the Tanzanian government that does not have statutes and stipulations in place or is it the people that do not embrace economic and social transformations? The other question would be whether the foreign investors reasonably acquire the agricultural land and whether they distribute the benefits to Tanzania fairly. In addition, this report expounds on the merits and demerits associated with the practice, the ethical perspectives applied in their evaluation and eventually recommendations for the Tanzanian government and people in embracing and establishing a mutual and fair relationship with the foreign investors that undoubtedly contribute to national and global economy. Findings Driving Factors to Foreign L and Acquisition After a number of decades of low investment in the agricultural and fuel sector in the Tanzanian dispensation and other nations, the epoch of the late 20s witnessed a hike in foreign direct investment in fundamental agricultural production. The reasons behind this surge are complicated and diverse but the critical drivers can be connected to the immense increase in commodity prices in the period of up to 2008 and the knowledge that demand for fixed natural resources is normally set to augment significantly in the oncoming decades (Larsen). Moreover, the increase in food and fuel prices mandated nations that immensely rely on imported food and fuel to invest in the other countries where land among other resources are plentiful with an aim to secure supply. This obviously is one of the factors that foreign affiliations resorted to invest in Tanzania. In addition, the need for sustainable energy solutions is another strong driving factor that pushed into an increasing l arge-scale investment in Tanzania’s land sector majorly by foreign investors. In Tanzania and Africa generally, global concerns have risen to attention by large scale land acquisitions and foreign direct

Role of the Entrepreneur Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Role of the Entrepreneur - Essay Example Managing the business is the next step the business must take and the entrepreneur must ascertain that the incomes the business makes are higher than the expenses incurred while conducting the business. Understanding the drivers in the industry is important in as it makes the entrepreneur innovative which is a chief success attribute of an entrepreneur (Kingsland, 2007). Making the right decisions is paramount for the entrepreneur and he must ensure that resources are directed towards the right channels to ascertain there is no squander of resources, which would lead to losses. The actions of a firm earning profits add the value of resources as the firm is able to procure more resources into the business and operate at economies of scale. When a firm earns profits, the entrepreneur will be able to expand operations because they will have more money to spend to purchase more resources from the profits the organization makes. The organization will also be able to venture more into technology and move with the trends in the market so as to compete favorably with other business because they have enough revenues and this helps the organization to venture into new markets or improve their business operations. When losses are present, the value of resources diminishes, and this is because the business does not have adequate revenue to continue with its operations. Losses will eat into the capital of the business and some resources will be lost because the organization cannot put up with the high operational costs. When losses are present, operational costs will be high and this means that resources of the business will not be put into full potential hence the value of the resources will diminish. Some businesses are even forced to let go of some of the resources so as to maintain operational costs and this means that the value of the resources is diminished. It is not bad if a company making losses goes out of business, and this is because the central

Information Sensitivity and Protection of Data (SLP) Essay

Information Sensitivity and Protection of Data (SLP) - Essay Example Moreover, constant review of data and information security conducted by the company is also an important part of the Information Security Policies of OSF ([1] OSF Healthcare, 2013). Hence, it can be stated that the Information Security Policies of OSF Healthcare is quite well developed being in alignment with the strategic goals of the organization. Information Security Policies and Measures of OSF Healthcare OSF has implemented certain crucial measures with regard to ensure confidentiality, availability and reliability of data and information related to operational activities of the organization. For instance, OSF has taken the initiative to maintain secrecy of the personal information of the patients they serve in front of any unauthorized party. Furthermore, the company also ensures optimum security in its computer database as well as memory storages of other communication networks, in order to protect all the confidential information related to the operations of the organization and the people they serve. The organization is further tied up with well known and leading data warehousing services providers, i.e. Enterprise Data Warehouse (EDW), that is entitled to look after each and every aspect of data and information storage related operations of the organization. ... ross-Community Access (XCS) system that enables it to ensure availability of the data related to patients throughout its various other branches with utmost convenience and security. Hence, it can be stated that this measures or approaches of the company strengthen information security and sensitivity altogether by facilitating data disbursement and simultaneously, preserving information security (Informatics Corporation of America, 2013; OSF Healthcare, n.d.). The ways through which OSF could protect from the loss of its data and steps to make sure that data remains accessible in the event of a catastrophe Protection of Data Lost Losing any important information or data from the data base and other data storage system might significantly impact the operations of OSF, hindering its strategic goal to suffice the medical needs of the patients within due time and involving minimum costs. To mitigate such situations, OSF has adopted many strategies, as described above. Apart from those, t he organization could adopt certain measures that might deliver effective and noteworthy results regarding the concerned issue. For instance, EDW, which is responsible for managing all the data recorded by OSF, should ensure multiple powers and battery back-ups, which are accounted to be the most common causes of data loss. Regular data backups is also another basic and effective measure that EDW could implement in order to mitigate data loss from system failures or other incidents (Knox, McNitt & Westman, 2013). Steps To Ensure Security of Data and Information from Catastrophic Event Data and information of any organization remains in constant threat from various external and internal agents, like unauthorized access and other distortions when transmitting information. However, the threat

Martin Luther Essay Example for Free

Martin Luther Essay Martin Luther was born in 1483 in Germany. Although he was brought up in a catholic faith, he changed his faith by starting a new Christian movement that was against the teachings of Catholicism, which was consequently named as Lutheran. He taught as a theology lecturer, hence a professional in theology and he was a preacher as well. His parents Hans Luder mother Margarethe were catholic believers, therefore as soon as he was born; he got baptism on the following day which was St. Martin of Tours day of feast. He had brothers and sisters; however, two of his brothers passed way as a result of a plague. Jacob who had tight bonds with Martin lived on to old age. Martin’s father rented copper mines and smelters and he also worked as a spokesperson in the local council. Besides he wanted the best for his son; he aspired that Martin would be a lawyer . Martin began his early school life in 1497 at Mansfield, Magdeburg and Eisenach in that order; where he learnt Latin. When he was seventeen years of age he was a student at the University of Erfurt and by the year 1505, he had completed his postgraduate studies and was awarded a masters degree. Since his father wanted him to be a lawyer, he went ahead and registered for the law school however, he never pursued the course to completion since according to him law was ambiguous. Instead he preferred to study more on theology and philosophy and was fascinated by former philosophers like William of Ockham, Aristotle and Gabriel Biel. Nonetheless, he was more drawn to lecturers who taught on not laying trust on anyone including the philosophers unless the claims they state could be approved through familiarity. Because of this reason, Martin concluded that knowledge in philosophy could not help people get close to God because it merely emphasized on reasoning; which is valid when applied to people and organizations but not God. According to Luther, people could only acknowledge who God is by understanding the scriptures. From here, his quest for scripture understanding began. Later in 1505, Martin Luther abandoned his studies and joined the catholic monastery. Luther’s life as a monk was constituted by refraining from food, pilgrimage, declaration of his sins before a priest for forgiveness and praying for lengthy periods. The life at the monastery wasn’t easy at all; the monks spent less time in bed and they had to work hard in order to sustain community members. He confesses that his commitment to the church as a monk was not delighting to God; rather it made him aware of how sinful he was. Furthermore, the period within which he served as a monk gave a different perception of Jesus Christ in his life; the Christian life at the monastery was like a detention center that harassed innocent people, yet Jesus is â€Å"a Savior and a comforter†. Nevertheless, the monastery hardship transformed Luther as he found more time to know the Bible. Afterward, it was contemplated by Johann von Staupitz that Luther required to do something else so that his quest for the scripture could be disrupted. Accordingly, after his priestly ordination, he proceeded as a theology lecturer of Wittenberg University. By 1509, Luther had received two degrees; one in Biblical studies and the other in sentences. After three years, he graduated as a doctor in theology thereby becoming a member of the senate in the faculty of theology in the University of Wittenberg . The controversial issues regarding Catholicism began in 1517 when Martin Luther wrote the 95 theses. The theses focused on the indulgences that were sold in the church. Since the pope wanted funds to put up the St. Peter’s church in Rome, pardoning of sins was granted on condition that the sinner paid money. In other instances, one could purchase pardon for sins that he or she expects to commit. This spurred concern in Martin Luther because as he had read in the scripture, deliverance is freely given; whereas in Rome, salvation was an article of trade that could be traded between two partners- a sinner and the priest. Besides, more indulgences were sold so that those souls that were in purgatory could be released. Moreover, according to the Roman Catholic Theology it was believed that faith is not enough to justify a human being unless it is accompanied by deeds, for instance participating in works of charity and giving the church financial contributions . Luther objected the issue of indulgences that were being sold; consequently, he drafted a note to the archbishops of Magdeburg and Mainz; this note is what was later referred to as the 95 theses. A copy of the note he wrote to the archbishop was put on the door of Castle Church. According to Luther, the absolution and forgiveness of sins based on indulgences was wrong and deceptive. Within a short time the theses were converted to German, because they were written in Latin; after which they were printed and reproduced to make many copies. Accordingly, the reprinted theses were extensively distributed to various parts within Germany. Between 1510 and 1520, he spent his time in teaching the New Testament books including the Psalms. Even as he studied the Holy Scriptures, he came to realize that justification was a very significant aspect in salvation. That God acknowledges a sinner and makes him righteous when he believes the scripture; also God saves sinners because of grace. Luther proceeded to preach about justification, how it came from God’s only and faith as a present for humanity from God. The Roman papal authority took a period of three years to act in response to Luther’s writings despite the fact that the theses had been distributed at a faster rate. The Archbishop of Mainz and Magdeburg whom the letter was addressed to preferred not to answer Luther, but rather identified heretical phrases then sent the letter to Rome. Pope Leo X overlooked the letter believing that it was not a grievous issue; to him Luther was only drunk and after sometime he would get back to his senses. However, the perception was wrong: Country’s such as England, Italy and France were reading the theses by 1519. Furthermore, he wrote and published commentaries Psalms and Galatians, even though he had to work under protection. By 1520, he had published three books that are considered to be the most excellent among his works- â€Å"On the Babylonian Captivity of the Church, On the Freedom of A Christian and To the Nobility of the German Nation. The Pope came to rethink of Luther’s thesis in 1519 and ordered him to give details of his theses which he did in a synopsis. As a result, Luther was called to meet the Pope in Rome so that he could give a detailed justification to his writings. Nonetheless, Luther went to Rome but as it was arranged by Frederick the Wise, he met Cardinal Thomas Cajetan who was a legate to the pope Nevertheless, the pope went ahead and wrote to Luther in a writing termed as â€Å"papal bull Exsurge Domine† cautioning him to denounce the theses he had written as well as subsections within the books that he had written, in a period of sixty days; failure of which would result in him getting suspended from the catholic community. Conversely, Luther burnt the papal bull and the other manuscripts, an action he later justified in his writings- Assertions Concerning All Articles as well as Why the Pope and His Recent Book Are Burned. Following this, Luther was suspended out of the Roman Catholic community in 1521 by the Pope. Later in April, 1521, Luther was presented before the Diet of Worms, a gathering of the Roman Empire authorities in Worms, Rhine. It was required of him to confirm if he was the author of the theses and the other books he had written, an issue he readily confirmed. However, in answering whether he supported the writings, he agreed after one day having discussed with friends and prayed. Accordingly, in May 1521, Luther was declared a heretic and his writings were banned. In addition, no one was permitted to provide neither shelter nor food as this would amount to punishment. Luther by the help of the Elector of Saxony, Fredrick III, stayed separate away from people in the Castle of Wartburg for about eleven months under the name Junker Jorg. It is during this period that he interpreted the New Testament, initially in Greek to German . When he went back to Wittenberg in March 1522, Luther continued to preach and many people were drawn to his sermons. He revised the church doctrines and assisted in reinstating peace and unity within the nation. The new church doctrines were based on faith, grace and scripture alone. Instead of the seven sacraments that exist in the Roman Catholic, only two sacraments were recognized- baptism and the Holy Communion. Lutheranism did not advocate for celibacy, however, no one was forced to marry. The first Lutheran declaration of faith, otherwise referred to as the Augsburg Confession, was read before the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V in 1530. The reformed church decided to name the new church as Lutheran in honor of Luther. Luther married Katharina who was initially a nun but defected. He passed away in 1546, in Eisleben after having been ill . Bibliography Collinson, P. (2004): The Reformation: a history, ISBN 0679643230, 9780679643234, Modern Library. Doak, R. S. (2006): Pope Leo X: Opponent of the Reformation, ISBN 0756515947, 9780756515942, Compass Point Books. Edwards, M. U. (March, 2000): Martin Luther: Exploring His Life and Times, 1483-1546. The Christian Century, Vol. 117. Fairchild, M. (2009): Martin Luther Bibliography. Retrieved on 13th April, 2009, from: http://christianity. about. com/od/lutherandenomination/a/martinlutherbio_2. htm Marius, R. (1999): Martin Luther: the Christian between God and death, 3rd Edition, ISBN 0674550900, 9780674550902, Harvard University Press. The Columbia Encyclopedia (2007): Luther, Martin, Sixth Edition, 2007.

The Importance Of Travel Insurance Commerce Essay

The Importance Of Travel Insurance Commerce Essay Travel insurance includes insurance thats supposed to cover financial and medical expenses and other losses as youre traveling, either internationally or inside your own country. Travel insurance that is temporary could be arranged at the booking time of the trip to cover the duration of the trip, or a more extensive insurance could be bought from travel agents, travel insurance companies or from travel suppliers like tour operators or cruiselines. Travel insurance oftentimes provides coverage for different travelers. Travel insurance bought from travel suppliers is less inclusive than insurance provided by the insurance companies. International travel, cruise travel, adventure travel, leisure travel, business travel and student travel are all different choices which could be insured.   The more popular complications which are covered by this type of insurance include:   Return of a minor kid   Trip interruption/cancellation   Overseas funeral expenditures   Departure thats delayed   Baggage thats delayed   Rental car damage excess and personal liability   Medical expenses   Emergency repatriation/evacuation   Repatriation of remains   Disablement benefit, injury or accidental death   Curtailment   Damage to, theft of, or loss of money and personal possessions   Legal help   The insurers will cover pregnancy related expenditures, if the travel happens inside the 1st trimester. Following that, the insurance coverage differs from each insurer.   This type of insurance could additionally offer assistance services, oftentimes around the clock, seven days per week which could involve emergency travel assistance and concierge services.   Traveling insurance for the period of a journey is priced at around five to seven percent of the price of a trip.   Employment Insurance   Employment insurance includes a kind of insurance that offers financial support for the policyholder in the instance that he or she loses her or his job. Employment insurance is translated into unemployment benefits. Employment insurance might be offered by the government as a type of government financial aid or social security insurance. In this instance, employment insurance might refer to the funds offered by the government to cover any living expenses of an individual who unpredictably loses her or his job. Employment insurance of this kind is obtainable just for a short duration of transition til the individual locates another job. Additonally, there includes these kind of insurance policies obtainable for buy within insurance companies that are private.   Insurance for employment is sold as a portion of a loan or credit card package from lending institutions or banks. This type of insurance becomes a type of liability insurance where the individual doesnt benefit directly. Unemployment benefits of this kind dont offer funds which cover the price of living. Instead, the sole reason of this kind of unemployment benefit is for the individual to offer guarantee to the lending institution or bank that a loan will be paid, even if the individual unexpectedly loses her or his income.   This type of insurance covers liabilities and costs incurred by the insured individual as she or he unexpectedly loses his or her job. The kinds of financial aid offered by this kind of insurance include payment for financial obligations, like loans, as well as cost of living allowance.   Liability Inusrance   There includes several different kinds of insurance policies obtainable, yet liability insurance is one of the more common due to it costing less than the other choices. Regarding car insurance policies, liability insurance is priced less than full coverage. The purpose for this is due to full coverage insurance paying for both your car as well as any other car included in the accident, and medical expenses and property damage due to injuries to another party or you.   On the flip side, liability insurance is solely responsible for the other persons losses. Your and your property will be left unprotected, yet liability insurance will protect you from being held responsible for the other persons damages.   There includes various kinds of liability insurance, involving general liability, that operates in a similar way as car insurance, yet covers businesses.   The term D O liability means directors and officers liability and is supposed to cover the omissions or acts of the ones in the position of officer or director. A whole company ought not be held liable for the failure to act, actions, statements or other errors which are the responsibility of a director or officer.   Employer liability is additonally referred to as workers comp, and its a mandatory type of liability coverage which every business needs to possess.   Professional liability is almost the same as malpractice insurance, though coverage might not be as comprehensive as a few malpractice policies within various fields. The reason for professional liability would be to protect the ones seen as experts or professionals within a field, who might not be protected by general liability because of their expertise.   Credit Insurance   Credit insurance is a phrase utilized to define both consumer credit insurance as well as business credit insurance, that is, credit unemployment insurance, credit disability insurance and credit life insurance.   The easiest method of differentiating between these 2 kinds of insurance is:   Consumer credit insurance includes credit insurance which customers buy to insure payment of credit that is extended to the customer.   Business credit insurance includes credit insurance which businesses buy to insure payment of credit that is extended by a business.   Consumer credit insurance includes a method of customers to insure repayment of the loans even if the borrower loses a job, becomes disabled or passes away. Consumer credit insurance could be bought to insure all types of consumer loans involving home mortgage borrowing, loans from finance companies, credit card debt and auto loans. Though bought by the borrower/consumer, the benefit payment will go to the company financing the buy or extending credit toward the customer.   The trade or credit insurance is a risk management product and insurance policy which covers a payment risk that results from the delivery of services or goods. Trade insurance typically pays an agreed percentage of a receivable or invoice which stays unpaid as the result of a protracted default, bankruptcy or insolvency and covers a portfolio of buyers. Trade insurance is bought by business entities in order to insure that their accounts receivable from loss was caused by the insolvency of debtors. This type of product isnt obtainable to individual people.   Health Insurance   Health insurance is a kind of collectivism where the individuals pool collectively their risk, and in this instance, the risk of incurring medical expenditures. The collective will be organized on a non-profit basis for the pool members and is publicly owned, although pools of health insurance, within a few countries, might additionally be managed by the for-profit companies. At times, its utilized broadly to incorporate insurance covering long-term nursing, disability or custodial care necessities. It might be offered via the government-sponsored social insurance plan, or from insurance companies that are private. It might be bought upon a group basis or bought by a single person. In either instance, the individuals or covered groups pay a premium, fee or taxto assist in protecting themselves from unpredictable healthcare expenditures.   The U.S. system of health care heavily relies upon private health insurance, the main coverage source for many Americans. Fifty-eight percent of Americans possess private health insurance, according to the CDC. Public plans offer the main coverage source for seniors as well as children and families with low-incomes who meet specific qualification requirements. The main public plans include Medicare, a federal social insurance plan for senior citizens and specific disabled people, Medicaid, thats funded jointly by the states and federal government, yet administered at the state level, that covers specific low income families and their children, as well as SCHIP, additionally a federal-state partnership which serves specific families and children who arent eligible for Medicaid, yet who cant afford coverage that is private.   Property Insurance   Property insurance offers protection against a majority of risks to property, like theft, fire and weather damage. This involves specialized types of insurance like boiler insurance, home insurance, earthquake insurance, flood insurance or fire insurance. The property will be insured within 2 primary ways named perils and open perils. Named perils require the specific loss cause to be listed within an insurance policy to be offered. Open perils will cover every bit of the loss causes not solely excluded within a policy. Some common exclusions on open peril policies involve damage that results from war, acts of terrorism, nuclear incidents, floods and earthquakes.  Ã‚   There includes 3 kinds of property insurance coverage. Specific cash value coverage offers replacement price minus the depreciation. Extended replacement price will pay above the coverage limit if the prices for construction increase. As you receive property insurance, the limit for coverage is the maximum quantity the company of property insurance will pay out in the instance of property loss. The quantity will have to fluctuate if houses within the neighborhood rise. Household content replacement will be tabulated as a percentage of the value of your house in the instance of a fire. A policy could pay for alternative arrangements of living if a fire makes your house uninhabitable. One final coverage choice will be to possess alternative living arrangements incorporated into the policy. Replacement cost coverage will pays the price of replacing your property regardless of its appreciation or depreciation. The premiums for replacement cost coverage are based upon replacement price va lues.   Life Insurance   In order to clear up any confusion, life insurance is made to protect the ones you love from financial disaster in the case of your death. Understanding this, it is vital that you establish if you require life insurance and how much you need to buy.   You usually require life insurance if:   You possess children who are dependent   The retirement funds you have arent enough to offer for your spouse a secure future   You possess a huge estate   You possess a spouse   Elderly parents or relatives depend upon your income  Ã‚   You own your own business   If you do not possess dependents, you might still want to buy an insurance policy in order to prevent becoming a financial burden to the ones you love. Young singles will additionally benefit from buying insurance while they are healthy and young, permitting them to secure a lower premium for furture years.   The beneficiaries of the life insurance policy could utilize the proceeds from the life insurance to:   Pay any estate taxes   Pay for daily expenses such as clothing, childcare and food   Donate to a charity   Pay for funeral costs and last expenses   Pay off any existing debts such as credit card debt, car loan or mortgage   Put toward your spouses fund for retirement   Deciding how much insurance the ones you love will require to maintain their living quality could be difficult. Experts advise buying between five and ten times your yearly salary.   Home Insurance   The main activity while identifying home insurance is to examine what falls outside of basic coverage, you ought to then create a plan for retaining, transferring, reducing or avoiding the exposures as they might be required. Its usually ideal to fill gaps prior to serious uninsured losses occuring. Home insurance doesnt imply cheaper coverage, and determinations ought not be based only upon cost.   Your home insurance policy ought to possess coverage of these parts:   Theft, destruction, or damage to your property  Ã‚   Prices of living expenses within cases of loss   No-fault medical payments to those injured upon your property   Destruction or damage of the detached structures  Ã‚   Personal liability for all property damage and injuries   A vital factor to keep in mind is that your house must be insured for one-hundred percent of the estimated new replacement price. If you insure for depreciated or original value, depreciation will be deducted from the costs of repair and the claim payments will be significantly decreased.   The added premium ought to make it simpler than facing hundreds in losses if the value of the house has appreciated. Ten percent is involved for detached structures, for instance, if the home is insured for $350,000, coverage for $35,000 is involved for detached structures. Its recommended to include the extra coverage for replacement value for the structures that are detached.   For your home insurance to be effective, it might require some proper planning to receive the ideal value in obtaining cheaper home insurance.   Auto Insurance   Many states require their drivers to have auto insurance prior to issuing an auto registration, so its a policy that you cant avoid if you possess a vehicle. The lingo of auto insurance could be especially complicated to comprehend, yet its worth studying if you do not wish to pay premiums that are excessive.   The initial theory of auto insurance is that the policy will cover a certain vehicle. This will mean that youre not covered while driving other vehicles, like your brothers jalopy, unless the policy especially involves them. Because of potential damage to the vehicle itself or injuries that are caused by the automobile, the policy additionally insures the individuals who ride or drive within the car. Primarily, the auto insurance policy will cover your family and you. But, if you allow somebody else to operate your vehicle, like a relative or friend, she or he additionally will be covered on the policy.   Your auto insurance is many types of coverage mixed into a single policy. The main components of coverage include underinsured and uninsured motorist, personal injury, medical payments, comprehensive, collision, property damage and bodily injury.   A few facilities will ask questions which differentiate your automobile usage from the population that is general. But, as it comes to several factors which may decrease the premium, like whether you work full-time or part-time, or the amount of trips you usually make in a week, the risk from heavy drivers will be shared across the whole portfolio of users.   We are a small, independent company, which runs through talent and creativity. We provide our client with highly customized solutions which more closely meet their needs and reflect their company most accurately. We treat every project as a masterpiece, an art that will cater to a worldwide audience. Furthermore, being a small, home-based company, we can offer you the most affordable deal and we can start working with a much lower fee.   We offer  personalized creative design solutions  to meet your needs. Here at ARTUS 360, we create websites that get results.

Nursing Intervention for Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)

Nursing Intervention for Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) The physical and emotional symptoms of PMS are common but it doesnt mean that all girls will develop PMS. The symptoms start about a week or two weeks prior to the period for most of the girls who experience PMS. Life style changes including dietary modifications are the commonly used to treat the symptoms (www.youngwomenshealth.org) The cause of PMS is explained with list of given biological theories. It including conditions likes deficiency of progesterone in the luteal phase of menstrual cycle and deficiencies of vitamin. As per the researchers 70% to 90% of women experience PMS during child bearing years at some time, it usually happens at the age of 25 to 45. (http/nhs.us/conditions/pms) Estrogen and progesterone are two essential hormones involved during ovulation and menstruation .There are certain hormonal changes namely rise in estrogen and fall in progesterone during PMS. When estrogen / progesterone ratio is high it interferes with brain neurotransmitters which control the basic unit of mood and pain. Regular menstrual cycle among women is natural process PMS is included as a part of it. The incidences of PMS are caused by other factors also. The other factors identified are hereditary, caffeine, stress, aging, medical history, tobacco, family history and diet plays a vital role (www.goodeveningworld.com) The environmental play a important role in influences on PMS causing different other symptoms. Some researchers categorized four types of PMS. Some of the women may present with only one type of PMS, some can have 2 or 3 types, and few women have all four types. PMS-A is related with anxiousness and tension of the muscles. PMS-C includes cravings for sweets, dark chocolates and carbohydrate rich diet. PMS-D refers to emotional problems prior to menstruation. PMS-H includes tenderness in the breast and gain in weight because of retention of water. (http/www.individualizednutrition.com) There are different types of supplements naturally done which can highly cause reduction of the symptoms of PMS. Continuously using fish oil for two months is beneficial in reducing PMS symptoms. Fatigue, irritability, tenderness of breast and extremities swelling can be relieved by using evening primrose oil (http/www.individualizednutrition.com) NEED FOR THE STUDY PMS usually happens one week or 2 weeks prior to periods. Totally 150 symptoms are actually found which occurs during PMS. The identified common symptoms are mood disturbances, tenderness of breast, bloating of the abdomen, acne, cravings for certain foods, increased appetite and thirsty feeling and fatigue. Other symptoms included are difficulty in passing stools and loose stools, feeling irritated, mood change and feeling down. (www.pmsfacts.com) As there is no specific laboratory test to diagnose PMS, in order to establish a pattern, a gynecologist ask the patient to record her symptoms at least for two menstrual cycles. This will help to establish if the symptoms are truly premenstrual and predictably recurring. If symptoms increase in 30% in six days before menstruation, then it is identified case of pre menstrual syndrome needs treatment (www.goodevening world.com) The premenstrual symptom is a complex one. Many women experience this symptoms ranging from moderate to severe. To manage PMS the initial step is daily regular exercise and change in diet. A life style changes is sufficient to control symptoms for women with mild symptoms. (www.about.com) The treatment of PMS varies from woman to woman; the patient is advised on various treatment modalities like diet, home remedies, contraceptives, exercise, herbal treatment, dietary supplements, and diuretics. (www.goodeveningworld.com) Studies revealed that many foods including soy, green leafy vegetables and fresh fruit, nuts and seeds are really effective in balancing the hormone. The women who sufferers with PMS are advised to make changes in diet such as consumption of fresh fruits, green leafy vegetables, cereals and whole grains, dairy products of low fat and sea foods. It is recommended that having frequent meals in small quantity each day helps to reduce fullness and abdominal bloating.(www.faqs.org/nutrition) Research in this area can be given high priority since these symptoms will affect females daily routine activity. Several studies highlighted that the symptoms can be improved with plenty of sleep, vitamin supplements and exercise. Even non- pharmacological measure like healthy diet, life style changes, some home remedies which indirectly contribute to reduce the symptoms. These aspects impressed the researcher, thereby felt the need do a study in this same area and to find the effectiveness on Planned Nursing Intervention on management of PMS among college students who has been experiencing pre menstrual syndrome. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM A study to evaluate the effectiveness of Planned Nursing Intervention on management of Pre Menstrual Syndrome (PMS) in terms of intensity of symptoms, knowledge and attitude among college girls in a selected educational institution, Salem. OBJECTIVES To prepare and validate the Planned Nursing Intervention on management of PMS among samples. To assess and compare the mean pre-test and mean post-test intensity of PMS among samples. To assess and compare mean pre-test and mean post-test knowledge score on management of PMS among samples. To assess and compare mean pre-test and mean post-test attitude score on PMS among samples. To find association between the pre-test level of knowledge on management of PMS among samples and their selected demographic variables- age at menarche and family history of PMS. HYPOTHESES: (Level of significance p

A Clockwork Orange - Calculated Captivity :: essays research papers

Calculated Captivation "Goodness comes from within, 6655321. Goodness is something to be chosen. When a man cannot choose he ceases to be a man." In Anthony Burgess’ A Clockwork Orange, a sadistic adolescent of the not-so-distant future is ‘rehabilitated’ of his violent nature by a special conditioning treatment. This fifteen year-old hoodlum Alex McDowell is ‘cured’ of his savage activities but when released back into a still violent society, he is a misfit. Anthony Burgess’ skillful art of manipulation is able to change the reader’s opinion from hating Alex for his malicious ways, to feeling captivated by him, as he becomes a ‘victim of a modern age’. To understand how this deception is accomplished it is important to examine the major turning points in Alex’s life, and how Burgess presents them. To begin, Burgess displays Alex’s villainous disposition, which causes the reader to hate and resent him. Through the aid of the State’s treatment Alex is reformed, at which point Burgess allows the reader to determine and develop an opinion of whether this treatment is morally acceptable or not. In the end however it is obvious that Alex has become a true "Clockwork Orange’ and despite the previous opinion of the reader, Burgess reveals the outcome in a way that causes a sense of relief and is pleased to see Alex back to ‘normal’. It is fascinating to consider that Burgess may have written A Clockwork Orange as a prophetic view of warning to future societies. He was a peaceful person who didn’t want the stark consequences of the fictional Alex to become a grim reality. Through the first of three parts in the novel Burgess displays Alex as the embodiment of all that society would like to ignore or eliminate - but can’t. This first person narrative is told by Alex a youth of fifteen, who spends his nights with his "droogs", terrorizing the public with their bits of "ultra violence" and engaging in the old "in-out in-out". He beats the elderly, fights other gangs with his "britva", robs stores, breaks into houses, rapes young girls, drinks milk laced with drugs (moloko) and is eventually convicted of murder. Burgess portrays the immature Alex, as a mixture of good and evil possibilities with evil taking the upper hand. As the reader is taken deeper into Al ex’s morbidly exciting world, he/she begins to feel complete hatred towards Alex. Not only does Burgess permit Alex to commit such heinous crimes, he describes them in a very disturbing manner.

How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? :: American America History

How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? The Peace Protest Movement was a time in the Vietnam war when people disagreed with it. This was because of a number of things. The amount of money it was costing, The amount of people killed, but it originated largely from the massacre at My Lai. The reason that the happenings in My Lai, 1968 were so unpopular is because it was the first time that people back home, in USA and all around the world saw what was actually happening to innocent citizens who had done nothing wrong, as a result of Search and Destroy missions. The My Lai Massacre was the first incident to be televised during the war and therefore, it was only then that people realised what was actually happening in Vietnam. This caused a major uproar, which many people were involved in. Students played a major role, running demonstrations against the War, Veterans from the war threw their medals away in disgrace at what was happening, as well as a few more individuals, Richard Nixon, Coretta King, Dr Spock, Roger Laporte and Norman Morrison, who all did their own thing to symbolise the wrongs of the war. Teach-ins on why the USA should leave Vietnam, Railway Blocks with human barricades, Campus Demonstrations, Huge Public Demonstrations, Burning Draft Papers and even to the drastic case of burning themselves to death. Not all Americans supported the peace protest movement, if they lived with the enemy, they were the enemy and deserved what they got. Did My Lai harden the support for the War effort? I don't think so, but some people argue that it did. The thing that worried people is they didn't know how long that this sort of thing had been going on, without them knowing. The protests were not only aiming to try to stop the Vietnamese War, but also to remember all the other innocent civilians killed in other wars that weren't televised before Vietnam. I think that the main reason that the My Lai Massacre caused such an uproar was because it was the first time that anything of the sort had been televised and had so much media coverage, but could the peace protest movement have happened if the media were not involved? I think that it would have, but not to the same extent. How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? :: American America History How Important was the My Lai Massacre in Generating Support for the Peace Protest Movement? The Peace Protest Movement was a time in the Vietnam war when people disagreed with it. This was because of a number of things. The amount of money it was costing, The amount of people killed, but it originated largely from the massacre at My Lai. The reason that the happenings in My Lai, 1968 were so unpopular is because it was the first time that people back home, in USA and all around the world saw what was actually happening to innocent citizens who had done nothing wrong, as a result of Search and Destroy missions. The My Lai Massacre was the first incident to be televised during the war and therefore, it was only then that people realised what was actually happening in Vietnam. This caused a major uproar, which many people were involved in. Students played a major role, running demonstrations against the War, Veterans from the war threw their medals away in disgrace at what was happening, as well as a few more individuals, Richard Nixon, Coretta King, Dr Spock, Roger Laporte and Norman Morrison, who all did their own thing to symbolise the wrongs of the war. Teach-ins on why the USA should leave Vietnam, Railway Blocks with human barricades, Campus Demonstrations, Huge Public Demonstrations, Burning Draft Papers and even to the drastic case of burning themselves to death. Not all Americans supported the peace protest movement, if they lived with the enemy, they were the enemy and deserved what they got. Did My Lai harden the support for the War effort? I don't think so, but some people argue that it did. The thing that worried people is they didn't know how long that this sort of thing had been going on, without them knowing. The protests were not only aiming to try to stop the Vietnamese War, but also to remember all the other innocent civilians killed in other wars that weren't televised before Vietnam. I think that the main reason that the My Lai Massacre caused such an uproar was because it was the first time that anything of the sort had been televised and had so much media coverage, but could the peace protest movement have happened if the media were not involved? I think that it would have, but not to the same extent.

Advertising in Social Media

Over the past several years our economy has been struggling, to say the least. The economies struggles reflect on everyone. Most people had to change and somewhat scale down their lifestyles in order to cope with the struggling economy. The people began to realize that things were going to be tough for a while and began to prioritize their income. This effected how companies chose to advertise their products. Social media was seen as the most effective and appealing outlet to advertise to the new money conscious consumer base.The economic downturn over the last few years has hurt print advertising. Consumers prefer to get free product information on social media sites, opposed to going out to the store to purchase a newspaper or magazine. All though it is more expensive to advertise on social media sites than it is to advertise using other media outlets, companies get a much greater return on their investment from social media. The vastly growing consumer base and the high return on investment make social media outlets very effective advertising platforms, despite the struggling economy.Twitter and Facebook are among the top social media outlets that companies use for advertising their brand. Twitter advertises through â€Å"tweets† these are short messages describing what the company is trying to offer. Tweets are effective because consumers are more likely to read them because of their short length. These tweets can also be linked to the companies website or other social media accounts, allowing for greater consumer interaction. Twitter generates excellent return on investment because consumers have to seek out a company in order to follow their tweets.After a consumer is following a company, the company’s tweets show up on the consumer’s home page. This allows a product to be promoted in real time, keeping it fresh in the consumers mind. Facebook offers a more detailed advertising platform compared to Twitter. Companies can create a Face book page that allows them to post videos, links, photos, and more detailed descriptions of the product. This is effective because it allows the consumer to see and interact with what they are getting. Facebook also allows for consumers to give their personal feedback about the product in the form of wall posts.This generates talk and conversation between different facebook users and also between consumers and the company itself. Feedback like this helps the company create more effective advertisements or improve on their products. Companies can also create facebook event pages about upcoming sales, events, drink specials, food specials, fundraisers, or anything else. Social Media networks allow companies to advertise their product on an individual level. This is exciting because it gives the consumer an opportunity to interact directly with a particular company, via tweets, blog posts, or facebook posts.Direct interaction instills a sense of loyalty to the consumer, which generates good word of mouth reviews. This word of mouth advertising from social media sites comes in the form of â€Å"reposts† and â€Å"retweets† of comments and posts made by the company. By repeating these messages, more people are able to see what the company has to offer which brings more traffic to the product and company. This creates a larger following and brings in potential customers. The availability of social media apps on cell phones brings great excitement to the advertising world.Cell phones keep consumers linked to social media at all times. This is great for both the consumer and the product. The consumer can be instantly updated with information about a product or events that a company is hosting with real time information. With this technology, advertisements are always in sight. This is a key component to making sure the consumer always knows about products availability, relevance, usefulness, and its capabilities. It is also very useful in reminding consu mers about brand events or sales.All though social media is a great and effective tool for advertising, it does have some drawbacks that can be very costly. Social Media accounts for millions of dollars in company damages every year. By the way things go viral on the Internet, the smallest mishaps can blow up to be a big controversy. For example, there was a viral video on YouTube that portrayed a Domino’s employee doing very inappropriate things with pizza ingredients. This obviously did not sit well with the public and really hurt Domino’s consumer base.

Oriental Food as the Cultural Other Essay

In Coco Fusco’s â€Å"The Other History of Intercultural Performance†, he promotes the idea that â€Å"racial difference is absolutely fundamental to aesthetic interpretation† while giving an explanation of how Western civilization has viewed the cultural Other—meaning, the so-called primitive people often stereotyped as savage and lacking in â€Å"discipline, civilization and industry† (Fusco). From the Western perspective, Oriental food is considered as the Other. The American staple typically consists of processed foods that are readily available such as pizza and burgers. These Western dishes can be found in almost all major cities and towns of the United States which have created a cultural appetite for anything that is ready for consumption. Oriental food, on the other hand, is viewed mostly as an alternative, albeit oftentimes costly, for the average Westerner (Counihan, p. 58). As with most Asian meals, the principle is to cook food from the freshest ingredients available. Typical vegetable dishes are prepared using vegetables that are picked fresh whereas seafood meals are cooked using the freshest fish and seashells for instance. Every food is prepared carefully regardless of the duration of the process, thereby creating the impression that each serving of Oriental food is a handiwork, so to speak, that can hardly be rivalled by fast food chains. Although there is hardly any single ingredient that unifies all the rest of the Oriental cuisines, there are similarities that can be pointed out. For instance, the â€Å"Tom Yum† soup of Thailand, a taste of hot and sour flavours using aromatic herbs, is a mix of spices and leaves of plants that are abundant in the country. As for the more general Thai cuisine, dishes are basically hot and spicy and are prepared using a balance of its five key flavours: salty, sweet, sour, spicy and the optional bitter flavour. Fresh herbs and spices are preferred over dried ones which is perhaps one reason why Thai dishes have that distinct taste. In addition to these single whole dishes, rice is also served as part of each meal with the inclusion of fish sauce such as â€Å"nam pla† and other complementary dishes. Japanese meals are another example of Oriental cuisine. Perhaps the most fundamental and unique characteristic of most Japanese meals is that each dish is served using raw ingredients. For instance, the popular Japanese food â€Å"sashimi† is raw seafood coupled with a dipping sauce. Aside from seafood, meat can also be prepared raw in Japanese meals such as Basashi, a raw horse meat delicacy. â€Å"Sushi† is also one of the more popular dishes in Japanese cuisine. It basically includes vegetable, meat and fish which can be rolled inside dried sheets of seaweed or placed over a bowl of rice. Philippine cuisine as an example of Oriental dishes also includes rice as part of the whole course of every meal. However, most Filipino dishes are prepared using the milk from coconuts and the sauce from tomatoes. Examples of these dishes are â€Å"kaldereta† (goat in tomato stew), â€Å"afritada† (beef or pork simmered in thick tomato sauce) and â€Å"ginataang manok† (chicken in coconut milk). In a way, Philippine and Thai cuisines are similar in the sense that they make use of the ingredients that are naturally found in the surroundings and that these ingredients are harvested and cooked almost the same day. There is the preference for everything fresh instead of dried spices, herbs and main ingredients. Fresh fish and meat is also preferred over frozen ones although the option to make use of the latter is available. More importantly, the techniques involved in preparing these Oriental dishes are unique in their own ways. The way Japanese sushi or sashimi is prepared is different from the way Thai tom yum is prepared. And yet while there are differences, there are also semblances which seem to connect all these Oriental food. Apart from the fact that most Oriental meals include rice as part of the course, these dishes also include spices and herbs which strengthen their flavours. Westerners who have travelled all the way to the Eastern parts of Asia often encounter the strong aroma from Oriental dishes that are distinct from those of Western dishes. It is not surprising that most Americans, for instance, would rather depend on fast food restaurants for their meals. For people living busy lives in the dense urban areas of the United States, time is a precious commodity that should not be wasted in exchange for sumptuous meals in cosy Oriental restaurants. Moreover, Westerners barely have a full idea of how to prepare Oriental meals for themselves without learned skills or the help from other skilled individuals. The knowledge of preparing Oriental food is simply beyond the inherent or immediate environment of Westerners. The fact that not all ingredients for Oriental cuisines are readily available in Western societies adds to the seemingly inaccessible or at least hardly accessible nature of Oriental dishes for Westerners. In general, there are more reasons to believe that Westerners are more inclined to settle for what they have in their immediate surroundings than to learn things outside of their reach as far as cuisines are concerned. What does Oriental food mean? For the most part, Oriental food reflects the culture of Oriental people in many ways. The ingredients used in these dishes reflect the kind of environment that the people have in which they have no other choice but to survive. Every piece of vegetable or leaf of plants in each delicacy indicates the available and usually abundant resources in the people’s native land. In effect, the unique ingredients in Oriental dishes create the identity of these dishes that are distinct and entirely different from Western dishes. Moreover, the very presence of these ingredients easily helps in identifying what is Oriental from what is Western. From a Western perspective, these Oriental dishes appear to be entirely different from the food delicacies which they are accustomed to, creating the impression that what is â€Å"alien† to their taste buds, so to speak, are either exotic or rare. By attributing these qualities of exoticness and rareness to Oriental dishes in a general manner, Westerners have showed the tendency to suffuse some of the ingredients founds in these dishes into their own meals. Moreover, Western societies have found ways to establish food chains that provide supposedly genuine Oriental dishes in their menus. In the United States, for instance, numerous restaurants serving Oriental meals have been put-up primarily for profit. Through the profit-seeking motives of business-minded individuals, Oriental dishes in Western markets have been characterized oftentimes as luxury delicacies or â€Å"alternative† dishes to the more predominant pizza, burgers and other Western meals. In contemporary times, the effect is that Oriental dishes are stereotyped as the cultural â€Å"Other† when in terms of food. The ways in preparing Oriental dishes also reflect the behaviours of individuals and groups in these Oriental regions of Asia. They indicate a â€Å"performance† done in order to create the distinct flavours and tastes of these dishes, the knowledge of which has been passed-on from one generation to another. The skills involved in preparing these dishes have been practiced and perfected through the generations of families that have continued the legacy of preparing Oriental food. For them, preparing these meals is nothing but an ordinary routine that has become a part of their daily survival. From the viewpoint of Westerners, Oriental dishes are rarely part of their daily survival or not at all. That is, they can continue with their lives even if they are not able to relish the taste of Oriental food. These meals that are foreign to Western societies are, in effect, taken for granted or are simply considered as alternative viands to their regular course of Western meals. That attitude reinforces the notion that any plate of Oriental dish is just another â€Å"Other†. It can be said that Western societies can only get as close to so-called authentic Oriental dishes by replicating them through food establishments. Whether consciously aware or not, Western societies are public outlets for contributing to the notion espoused by Fusco; they reinforce the stereotype of â€Å"the primitive† and the Western â€Å"ability to exert control over and extract knowledge from the ‘primitive’ world† (Fusco). Restaurants in Western societies that feature Oriental dishes are not simply established from almost everywhere in these societies without first studying these culinary delicacies. On the contrary, Westerners tend to â€Å"extract knowledge† from such â€Å"primitive† dishes as if Western meals are the bases for identifying a dish as whether a part of civilized world or otherwise. Like Fusco’s public experiment—one that sought to bring into realization the often disregarded observation that â€Å"a substantial portion of the public believed that our fictional identities were real ones† as though these beliefs have never been challenged and has sit firmly well in the collective consciousness of the people—so-called Oriental restaurants in Western societies reinforce the many illusions about Oriental dishes and, more generally, Oriental culture. One of these illusions is the belief that there are Oriental dishes that do not fit well with the palate of Westerners. For instance, there are Oriental delicacies which make use of several animal organs which are rarely used for preparing Western meals. There are even insects that are part of the ordinary Oriental dishes. Westerners tend to develop an aversion towards Oriental dishes with these animal organs and become branded as either exotic or primitive. The larger consequence of such an aversion, apparently, is an aversion towards the people who take pride in preparing and eating such dishes (Smith, p. 486). Nevertheless, the fact that there are restaurants in Western societies that serve Oriental dishes signify that there are attempts to bring these dishes closer to Western societies even if such attempts are only secondary to the intent to profit. Moreover, a notable characteristic of Oriental restaurants situated in Western societies is that they slightly redefine the Oriental dishes that they serve in order to attract potential customers and maintain the patronage of the buying public. They add a Western â€Å"touch†, in a manner of speaking, to these foreign dishes. In consequence, Oriental dishes are given the impression that they are merely subjects of Western consumption and can be subject to change depending on the needs of the Western clients. To a certain degree, it goes to show a form of cultural subjugation or assimilation that distorts the original nature not only of the dishes but also of the Oriental culture from a Western perspective. The dishes that are presented to the Western public are no longer faithful to the original dishes as they were in Oriental countries. Western societies become unknowingly unaware of the original nature of such dishes, thereby treating their false impressions of these Oriental dishes as the so-called â€Å"Other†. On a personal note, I can say that there is a great deal of knowledge that can be derived from studying Oriental dishes as they serve as windows into the cultural aspects of several Asian countries. An awareness of Oriental dishes in terms of their distinct ingredients and unique methods of preparation can help the Western perspective look beyond that false impression that veils the genuine. If we are able to comprehend a significant portion of the stories behind each of these Oriental dishes and the whole array of Oriental food in general, there is a chance that we can gain substantial cultural knowledge of what has been called as the â€Å"Other† (Mintz, p. 104). As the saying goes, you are what you eat—if you know what the â€Å"Other† eats, it is likely that you get to know the â€Å"Other†. Works Cited Counihan, Carole M. â€Å"Food Rules in the United States: Individualism, Control, and Hierarchy.† Anthropological Quarterly 65. 2 (1992): 55-66. Fusco, Coco. â€Å"The Other History of Intercultural Performance†. 1994. November 21 2008. . Mintz, Sidney W. , and Christine M. Du Bois. â€Å"The Anthropology of Food and Eating. † Annual Review of Anthropology 31 (2002): 99-119. Smith, Monica L. â€Å"The Archaeology of Food Preference. † American Anthropologist 108. 3 (2006): 480-93.

Electric Cars Speech Essay

Just about everyone wants a car but no one Wants to pay for gas well now thanks to technology we don’t have to yes thanks to the discovery of the electronic car people can travel solely on the power of electricity but most people say that Unless some new type of battery is invented these electronic Car are nothing more than a dream but these are far more than a dream and very much so a part of reality But what does the future hold for these cars. Well electricity is already a large part of our lives so to start using electricity powered cars would not be so much of a change from our normal routine as people may seem to think And they’re already many people using these electrical cars one man mentioned That he uses The Corbin Sparrow (a single person electric vehicle) As his primary commute vehicle he has a 50mi. Total commute To and from work mostly freeway so not that much stop and go traffic but once he gets to work his batteries drained about 50 percent but because the car does not require a special charging stations he can plug it into any standard three prong outlet So he pluges his car and at work and returns home on a 100 percent charge Saving gas and money every day allowing his car to pay for itself but Basically, here’s what the Sparrow offers: ? Seats 1 person, and ample space for laptop, papers and small grocery run.? 13 lead acid batteries, different in detail from conventional automotive batteries, but not fundamentally so. The batteries provide for a very low center of gravity. ?Fiberglass body for keeping the weight down while increasing the energy efficiency considerably. I’m averaging . 16KwH/mile or thereabouts for my typical commute. ?110v charging that takes about 8 hours. However, in my typical usage, I get to 80+% in less than 2 hours, and recharging stations are nearly *everywhere* however an extension cord can be helpful ? and a top speed of about 80mph now this may be good for the average driver or maybe-trips back and forth to and from work but what would you do for a long drive with no time in between to recharge this car. This car would definitely not be the car for the job of but thats where our next car, comes in 25 February 2000 — DaimlerChrysler’s engineers might have missed unveiling their third iteration of the ESX Mybrid (mild-hybrid) concept car at the North American International Auto Show in Detroit this year but it appears the delay was definitely worth the wait. Last week the company showed the ESX3 to the press in Washington, D. C. , an event which marks the achievement of the first official milestone of the 10 year-long USPartnership for a New Generation Vehicle program in which all three US car makers have now developed fuel-efficient, high mileage vehicles. From the outset of the ESX program, DaimlerChrysler engineers have sought ways to not only achieve the performance goals of PNGV but have striven to reduce the cost premium associated with hybrid electric technology. In the ESX3 they have cut the cost in half from the $15,000 of the ESX2 to just $7,500 in two years time. The five passenger ESX3 achieves 72 mpg, up two miles from the more aerodynamic ESX2. It’s â€Å"mild-hybrid† or mybrid drive train takes a similar approach to that of both Ford and GM PNGV cars, mating a 1. 5 liter, all aluminum direct-injection diesel engine to a 15 kilowatt electric motor. Like the Toyota Prius, the 106 pound lithium ion battery pack is wedged between the rear passenger seat and trunk which provides 16 cubic fee (450 liters) of cargo space. An important component in of the ESX Mybrid system is its EMAT transmission system which utilizes two computer-controlled clutches. The EMAT system combines the smoothness of an automatic transmission with the added fuel efficiency of a manual. The driver sees the normal selection of park, drive, neutral and reverse. One of the most remarkable features of the ESX3 Mybrid drive is its weight which is less than a conventional gasoline engine. The three-cylinder diesel weighs just 250 pounds (113kg) and the air-colored electric motor just 76 pounds (33kg). DaimlerChrysler says that the ESX3 meets all the emissions targets originally set in 1993. However, it acknowledges that there is still much to be done to meet future emissions standards including further work on low sulfur and synthetic fuels, new exhaust aftertreatment technologies and cleaner combustion processes. OMAHA, Nebraska — April 19, 1998. Sport utility vehicles are hot! Sales of the truck-like vehicles are booming in the USA. Once the purview of Jeep, Ford and Jimmy, now virtually every car maker has entered the fray including Mercedes and Lexus. And the folks buying these behemoths don’t seem deterred by their hefty sticker prices and the 70’s era gas mileage that comes with them, not to mention a truck-like ride. While questions are now being raised about both their environmental impact and safety, sales continue to soar. The plain fact is, Ute’s are â€Å"in. † After two years and 300,000 total driving miles in Japan and the US, late last year Toyota began leasing a sensible sport utility vehicle that offers many of the perceived benefits of the standard Ute, but with zero tailpipe emissions. While the RAV4-EV shares many features, including body styling and interior appointments, with its IC-engine sibling, the similarities end there. As Mark Amstock, Toyota’s manager of North American Alternative Fuels Program, states in the video that accompanies this feature, the RAV4-EV is not a conversion. It has been engineered from the pavement up. And while it weighs 500 pounds more than the gasoline version, it offers virtually all the amenities, performance and handling of its fossil-fuel counterpart. In 1995, Toyota placed 20 prototype RAV4-EVs in the field, ten in Japan and ten in the US. These were a mixture of lead-acid and nickel metal hydride battery versions that saw service in LA, San Francisco, Sacramento, Detroit and New York. The lessons learned from these field tests have been integrated into the 1998 model, including improved HVAC system, battery management and cooling systems, 5 door, 5 passenger seating, improved motor torque and lengthened wheelbase for a better highway ride. The heart of the EV model is its 50kW permanent magnet motor and 24 nickel metal hydride batteries rated at 288 volts. The maintenance-free electric motor is neatly integrated into the single speed, front-wheel transaxle and is rated at 67 bhp at between 3,100 and 4,600 rmp. This gives the 3440 lbs. vehicle a combined city/highway driving range of 125 miles and a top speed of 78 mph. According to Armstock, these are â€Å"real world† numbers and not just wishful thinking. One of the advantages of using the SUV platform is battery placement. The high curb-height let Toyota engineers place the 900 lbs of batteries under the floorboard, outside the passenger cabin. This gives the vehicle the same usable space as its IC-engine version. One of the lessons learned from the tests in the US, especially in Michigan and New York was the necessity of an adequate heating and cooling system. HVAC systems in automobiles have huge energy requirements which cut into the range of an EV, even one equipped with advanced batteries. Toyota engineered two new features to address this need. They introduced a new gas-injection heat pump system to handling both heating and air conditioning. They also installed controls which will preheat or pre-cool the vehicle while its being recharged. The vehicle operator sets an onboard timer which begins heating or cooling the SUV while it is still connected to its charging source. Since it takes several minutes for a conventional car to heat up in the winter or for the AC to become effective in the summer, the RAV4-EV’s system offers a distinct advantage. Charging is accomplished by an on-board 220-volt, 30-amp conductive charger that takes about 6. 5 hours to completely recharge the car. â€Å"Refueling† the vehicle can be done at home, the workplace or public charging station. The RAV4-EV has power-assisted 4-wheel, anti-lock (ABS) braking. The system features 10 inch brakes (front disk/rear drum) instead of the usual 9 inch found on the gasoline model to handle the vehicle’s added weight. It also includes regenerative braking which converts much of the vehicle’s forward motion back into electricity to recharge the batteries while driving. As the vehicle slows or the driver taps the brakes, the electric motor switches to generator-mode. This enables the driver to actually add to the RAV4-EV’s range with intelligent driving practices. The hallmark of the current boom in Ute sales is the plethora of amenities that come on these brutes, and the RAV4-EV is no slacker in this regard. It comes equipped with power-steering, deluxe AM/FM stereo cassette audio system, digital clock, power-windows, rear-window defroster, dual airbags, vanity-mirrors, and all the rest. The RAV4-EV is currently available only in California, New York and Massachusetts, due largely to their ZEV mandates which require companies like Toyota have 2% of their sales be zero emission vehicles, this despite the fact that there was (as of December, 1997) only one public charging station in all of New York state. Armstock explained that Toyota’s current marketing efforts are focused on fleet operations, rather than the consumer market; electric utility companies being the earliest customers. They lease for a one-time payment of $16,000 for 36 months, or $477 a month for the same period. I found the RAV4-EV a thoroughly enjoyable driving experience the brief time I was behind the wheel. It handles well, accelerating as briskly as a 4 cylinder IC-engine version. It’s quiet inside, though the low rolling-resistance tires are a bit noisy. It certainly brakes well as I learned when an inattentive driver tried to pull out in front us during our test drive around Disney World. The RAV4-EV will make an ideal intra-city commuter for many motorists. Since the average American workplace commute is under 50 miles round trip, the RAV4-EV can get you there and back again with style and comfort. Toyota’s Armstock made an interesting comment near the end of our test drive. When asked when we can expect to see the RAV4-EV go on sale to consumers, he remarked that the technology is advancing so rapidly that he expects the current model to be as obsolete in thee years as a pesonal computer with an Intel 286 micro-processor is today. That’s an exciting prospect, considering how well integrated the RAV4-EV is even now. Regardless of the pace of technological change, this is one nicely done SUV, one that makes a lot of sense right now, especially now. END STORY/